نقد تطبیقی «مرگ» در اشعار سپهری، السمان و کیتس بر پایه‌ی «ورای اصل لذت» فروید

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه عالمه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نگرش به مقوله‌ی «مرگ» بسته به عوامل گوناگون فکری و فرهنگی متغیر است؛ با وجود آن که عموماً مرگ پدیده‌ای «منفی» و «ناخوشایند» تلقی می‌شود، اما گاه نیز مفهومی «مطلوب» می‌یابد و نوعی «مرگ‌اندیشی» و «مرگ‌دوستی» در افراد پدید می‌آورد. این مرگ‌اندیشی نمودهایی در ادبیات دارد و هدف عمده‌ی این تحقیق بررسی عقاید شاعرانی‌ است که با این نگاه متفاوت به مرگ می‌نگرند. در تحقیق حاضر، ما ابتدا تلاش کرده‌ایم که اشعار مرگ‌اندیشانه‌ی سه شاعر ایرانی(سهراب سپهری)، عرب(غادة السمان) و انگلیسی(جان کیتس) را جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار دهیم و سپس کوشیده‌ایم تا به واکاوی علل و عوامل این طرز تفکر بر مبنای یک نظریه‌ی روانکاوی با عنوان «رانه‌ی مرگ» از فروید بپردازیم. مطابق با این نظریه، فعالیت رانه‌ی مرگ با «تکامل روانی افراد» مرتبط است؛ یعنی هر قدر افراد بیشتر به تکامل روانی رسیده باشند، رانه‌ی مرگ در آن‌ها به میزان بیشتری فعال است. ما در خلال این تحقیق بسیاری از مؤلفه‌های فکری اشعار مرگ‌اندیشانه‌ی این شعراء را با مختصات این نظریه‌ی روانکاوی قابل انطباق می‌یابیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Critique on "Death" in the Poems of Sepehri, Al-Saman and Keats Based on Freud's "Beyond the Principle of Pleasure"

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Keshavarz 1
  • MohammadAmir Jalali 2
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Alame Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The view on "death" varies greatly depending on various cultural and intellectual factors. Although death is generally considered a "negative" and "unpleasant" issue, it sometimes finds a "desirable" meaning and creates a kind of "death thinking" and "death wish" in people. This death thinking has manifestations in the literature, and this research aims to study the ideas of poets who perceive the mortality issue with this view. In the present study, we have first tried to examine the death-wish poems of three poets; the Iranian: Sohrab Sepehri, the Arab: Ghada al-Saman), and the English (John Keats) separately, and then we have tried to analyze the causes of this manner of thinking based on a psychoanalytic theory by Freud called 'death drive'; According to this theory, the activity of the death drive associates with the "psychological development"; That is, the more people develop psychologically, the more active the death drive is in them. During this research, we find many of the poems' intellectual components compatible with the characteristics of this theory.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Comparative Literature
  • Death
  • Sohrab Sepehri
  • John Keats
  • Ghada Al-Saman
  • Psychoanalysis

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 27، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 791-823

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