مؤلفه‌های مکتب رمانتیسم در شعر تاگور

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران

2 گروه زبان و ادبیّات فارسی، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

شهرت اصلی رابیندرانات‌ تاگور(1941-1861) در شاعری است و نخستین آسیایی برندۀ جایزۀ نوبل به شمار می‌رود. آثار و اشعار تاگور از ابعاد گوناگون ادبی، فلسفی و سیاسی و تأثیر پذیری از مکتب‌های فکری و ادبی غربی قابل تحلیل و بررسی است. هرچند درآثار منثور تاگور، بیشتر ویژگی‌های مکتب رئالیسم وجود دارد اما در اشعارش بیشتر از مکتب رمانتیسم تأثیر گرفته‌است. در این جستار به شیوۀ توصیفی تحلیلی و ارزیابی کمی به مهم‌ترین مولفه‌های مکتب رمانتیسم، همچون: طبیعت، فردیت، هیجان و احساسات، مرگ، آزادی، سفر، تخیل، نوستالوژی، اسطوره، عشق و زن در شعر تاگور پرداخته شده است. طبیعت به‌صورت تشبیه و جان بخشی در شعر وی توصیف شده است. تاگور بیشتر به عشق عرفانی پرداخته‌است. مرگ در شعر وی بسامد دارد و از اینکه خود با مرگ روبه‌رو شود، ترسی ندارد. به‌طورکلی شاخصه‌ها و مضمون‌های: طبیعت با فراوانی 79 درصد، فردیت 61 درصد، رابطۀ میان رفتارهای بشری با عناصر طبیعی 56 درصد، عشق 38 درصد و تخیل 17درصد از بسامد بیشتری در اشعار وی برخوردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Components of Romanticism in Tagore's Poetry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nila nourbalin 1
  • Dr.mahmoud sadeghzadeh 1
  • Dr Azizolah Tavakoli Kafiabad 2
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
2 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Tagore mainly famous as a poet. Tagore's works and poems have to be analyzed from various literary, philosophical and political dimensions. Although most of the features of the school of prose are contained in the prose of Tagore, his poems are more influenced by the school of Romanticism. in a descriptive-analytical method and quantitative evaluation the most important components of the school of romanticism, such as: nature, individuality, excitement and feelings, death,... have been investigated in Tagore's poetry. First, his position in world and Indian literature is briefly introduced, and then the main features of the school of romanticism in his poetry are examined and evaluated. Nature is described in a metaphorical and life-giving way in his poetry. Tagore is more concerned with mystical love. Death is frequent in his poetry and he is not afraid of facing death. In general, characteristics and themes: nature with a frequency of 79%, individuality 61%, the relationship between human behaviors and natural elements 56%, love 38% and... have higher frequency in his poems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tagore&rsquo
  • s poems
  • romanticism
  • themes of nature
  • love
  • freedom
  • travel

مراجع

Asaad, Mohammadreza, et al. “Telepathic Comparison of Night Archetype in the Poems by Sohrab Sepehri and Rabindranath Tagore”. The Quarterly of Comparative Literature Studies, vol. 6, no. 24 (2012): 31-61.
Babachahi, Ali. The Most Romantic. Tehran: Saless, 2005.
Barandoust, Khadijeh. Comparative Criticism of Romanticism in Poems by Fereydoon Moshiri and Tagore. MA Thesis of Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Yadegar Emam Branch (Unpublished), 2012.
Dadvar, Abolghasem, Mansouri, Elham.  An Introduction of Iran and India Myths and Symbols. Tehran: Kalhor, 2011.
Dehbashi, Ali. An Introduction of Rabindranath Tagore. Tehran: Nik, 2009.
Forest, Lillian. Romanticism. Translated by Masood Jafari. Tehran: Markaz Publication, 2012.
Hasani Ranjbar, Ahmad, and Kiana Ebrahimi. “Comparative Study of Education in the Works of Saadi and Tagore”. Persian Language and Literature Studies, no. 123 (2015): 36-103.
Hosseini, Maryam. World Literary Schools. Tehran: Fatemi, 2017.
Jafari Jazi, Masood. Romanticism in Europe. Tehran: Markaz Publication, 1999.
Keymanesh, Abbas. “Tagore and Islamic Sufism”. The Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, no 153-154 (2000): 107-124.
Mahvashan, Saloomeh ed. Iran and the World Literature. Tehran: Behnoud, 2017.
Mashhoor, Parvin Dokht, and Rumi Tagore. “The Impact of Islamic Mysticism on Tagore”. Journal of Poetry, no. 65 (2009): 2-8.
Pitchard, Mathew. “A Poem in a Medium Not of Words: Music/ Dance and Arts Education in Rabindranath Tagore Sentiniketan”.  Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, vol. 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 114-101.
Ramin, Zohreh, and Mohammad Javad Bakhtiari. “A Comparative Study of Common Romantic Concepts in ‘Hasht Ketab’ by Sohrab Sepehri and Selected Poems by William Wordsworth”. Research in Contemporary World Literature [Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji], vol. 17, no. 3 (2012): 37-54.
Ravadrad, Aazm. Sociological Theories of Art and Literature. 3rd Publication, Tehran: The University of Tehran Publication, 2009.
Samaktary, Swati, and S. Patro. “The Code of Eco-Mysticism in Rabindranath Tagore Works: A Critical Appraisal”. Trames, vol.3 (2018):311-326.
Sen Gupta, Kalyan. The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2005.
Servat, Mansour. Familiarity with Literary Schools. Tehran: Sokhan Publication, 2011.
Seyyed Hosseini, Reza. Literary Schools. Vol 1, Tehran: Negah, 2015.
Shahverdiani, Nahid, and Sepehr Yahyavi Tajabadi. “A Comparative Study of Axial Themes in Ahmad Shâmlu and Charles Baudelaire’s Poetries”. Research in Contemporary World Literature [Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji], vol. 24, no. 1 (2019): 167-191.
Shamisa, Sirus. Literary Schools. Tehran: Ghatreh, 2011.
Sheikh Hasani, Zeinab, and Maryam Khalili Jahantigh. “Structure Analysis of Siavash Story and Two Ramachandra and Sednova Stories in India”. The Quarterly of Subcontinental Studies, vol. 6, no. 54 (2014): 21-35.
Tagore, Rabindranath. Chitra. Translated by Houman Babak. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publication, 2018.
---. Gitanjali. Translated by Mohammad Moghtader. Tehran: Saless, 2017.
---. Lotus. Translated by Ayda Chavoshan. Tehran: Setak Publication, 2009.
---. One Hundred Songs. Translated by M. Ziaoddin, with an Introduction by Seyyed Mostafa Tabatabai. Tehran: Ataei Press Institute, 1968.
---. The Crescent Moon & Stray Birds. Translated by Ali Pashaei. Tehran: Saless, 2012.
---. Under the Lotus Leaf. Translated by Abdul Rahman. Pajhwok: Kabul Publication, 2018.
Van Tighem, Philip. Romanticism in France. Translated by Gholamali Sayyar, Tehran: Aftab, 1991.
Voth, Grant L. The World Literature. Translated by Masood Farahmandfar et al. Tehran: Niloofar Publication, 2017.
Yahaghi, Mohammad Jafar. The Dictionary of Myths and Stories. Tehran: Farhang Moaser Publication, 2007.
Zarshenas, Shahriyar, Hooshangi, Saeid. Symbolism in Erich Fromm’s Theories. Tehran: Islamic Development Organization, 1993.
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 27، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 1199-1223

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار