آندره ژید و گفتمان‌های قدرت؛ نگاهی نو به فرآیند افسون‏زدایی از کمونیسم در کتاب بازگشت از شوروی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات فرانسه، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار مطالعات فرانسه، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پس از پیروزی انقلاب اکتبر روسیه در سال 1917 و استقرار نظام کمونیستی در این کشور، سرزمین شوراها به آرمان‏شهر بسیاری از روشنفکران آن زمان بدل شد. از آن جمله، آندره ژید بود که طی دعوتی از سوی اتحادیة نویسندگان شوروی در 1936 به همراه تنی چند از دوستان خود، به آنجا سفر کرد تا سرزمین رؤیاهای خود را از نزدیک ببیند. اما آنچه دید و در بازگشت تحت عنوان بازگشت از شوروی نوشت حکایت از تأسف و نومیدی از تحقق آرمان‏های بزرگ انسان قرن بیستم داشت. این افسون‏زدایی آشکار در متن ژید، اما به سادگی حاصل نشده است بلکه هم‌زمان از تأثیرات و عواملی خبر می‏دهد که طبق نظر میشل فوکو، گفتمان قدرت در یک دورة خاص را شکل می‏دهند و بر انتخاب‏های فردی و جمعی نویسنده اثر می‏گذارند. ما در این مقاله تلاش می‌کنیم تا با استفاده از روش پژوهش تاریخی و با تکیه بر نظریات تاریخ‌گرایی نوین به درک کنش متقابل گفتمان‌های مرکزی قدرت و نقش آنها در فرایند افسون‏زدایی از کمونیسم در نگاه ژید بپردازیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

André Gide and the Discourses of Power; A New Approach to the Process of Disillusionment with Communism in Return from the U.S.S.R

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sobhan Foyouzi 1
  • Rouhollah Hosseini 2
1 PhD Student of French Studies, Department of European Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of French Studies, Department of European Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

After the victory of the October Revolution in 1917 and the establishment of the communist regime in the Soviet Union, this land became the utopia of many intellectuals. Among them André Gide, who was invited by the Union of Soviet Writers in 1936 to visit the land of his dreams. But what he saw and wrote in his return entitled Return from the U.S.S.R (1936) and Afterthoughts on the U.S.S.R. (1937) expressed his regret and despair for the realization of the great human aspirations of the twentieth century. This apparent disillusionment in Gide's text, however, is not simply achieved, but at the same time conveys the effects and factors that, according to Michel Foucault, shape the discourse of power in a particular period and influence the individual and collective choices of the author. In this article, we try to figure out the interaction of central discourses of power and their relation to the possibility of communism disillusionment by Gide, using the historical research methodology and relying on new historicism theories.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Communism
  • New historicism
  • Discourse of Power
  • André
  • Gide
  • Return from the U.S.S.R
  • Disillusionment
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