اِیِن مک‌اِیوِن و انسان‌گرایی لیبرال: نقدی بر رمان شنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله به بررسی رمان شنبه اثر ایان مک­اِیوِن به مثابه نمودگاه تفکر انسان­گرایی لیبرال می­پردازد. پس از مروری بر انگاره­های انسان­گرایی (اومانیسم) لیبرال چونان شاکله اصلی تفکر مک­ایون و تناقضات موجود در آن، نویسندگان به چگونگی بازنمود این دیدگاه و جهان­بینی در رمان در پرتو حادثه یازده سپتامبر، تهاجم به عراق، انگاره­های نوشرق­شناسی (neo-Orientalism) و آن چه در غرب به تروریسم اسلامی (Islamic terrorism) موسوم شده می­پردازند. نویسندگان استدلال می­کنند که این رمان به مثابه یکی از فرآورده­های فرهنگی «الحاد جدید» - از متاخرترین و افراطی­ترین نمودهای اومانیسم در غرب - به نوعی تمام  وجوه تفکر اومانیستی و لیبرال (دین­ستیزی، علم­گرایی و خردگرایی، تاکید بر محوریت انسان و آزادی­ها و حقوق او، تاکید بر اهمیت هنر و ادبیات و تاکید بر روابط انسانی) را بازتاب می­دهد. با وجود پرسشگری ظاهری شخصیت اصلی رمان، پرسش­های اساسی درباره وضعیت جهان معاصر ناپرسیده می­مانند. به رغم مدعای اومانیستی پرهیز از سوگیری و پرداختن منصفانه به تمام جوانب یک مساله، رمان مک­ایون چونان اثری تبلیغاته جانبدارانه با دامن زدن بر اسلام­هراسی توجیه­گر جنگی خونبار می شود و در خدمت قدرت قرار می­گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Ian McEwan and Liberal Humanism: A Reading of Saturday

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Pirnajmuddin 1
  • Motahareh Sadat Peyambarpour 2
1 Associate Professor of English Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 MA of English Literarure, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article tries to examine Ian McEwan’s Saturday in terms of its ideological orientation. The writers argue that Saturday’s essentially pro-war – pro-Establishment – stance can be explained in terms of liberal humanist views which the novel by and large espouses. The novel, the writers contend, in a sense reflects and is inflected by all the main features of liberal humanism: secularism transformed in the New Atheist militant stance against religion, scientism, rationalism, pluralism, emphasis on the centrality of man and his liberties and rights, emphasis on the human relations and glorification of art and literature as humanizing achievements.  However, considering the post-9/11 context, the writers seek to shed light on the connection between this liberal humanist tendency and neo-orientalism (with Islamophobia as one of its main features). As such, despite the liberal humanist emphasis on avoidance of prejudice and considering all sides of an issue, the novel fails to ask the essential questions about the condition of the contemporary world –  the real causes of terrorism – and in effect by justifying an imperialistic war, rather unabashedly, serves power.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ian McEwan’s Saturday
  • Liberal Humanism
  • Post-9/11
  • Neo-orientalism
  • Terrorism
  • Islamophobia
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