تحلیل تطبیقی شعر فروغ فرخزاد و نیهیلیسم نیچه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

فریدریش نیچه، فرهنگ دوران معاصر را به سبب غلبه‌ی تفکّر مفهومی سقراطی، در مواجهه با بحران نیهیلیسم می‌دید. او پس از اعلام مرگ ارزش­های تعقّل­مدارانه­ی افلاطونی، ابتدا نیهیلیسم را به دو گونه­ی اساسی منفعل و فعّال تقسیم و آن­گاه راه آفرینش ابرانسان و تصدیق همه­جانبه­ی زندگی را گذر از نیهیلیسم منفعل به فعال معرفی می­کند که در فلسفه­ی او تقریباً معادل مراحل دگردیسی­های جان: شتر، شیر و کودک است. شعر فروغ فرخ­زاد هم، از سویی بازتاب احساس یا اندوه فلسفی اوست و از سوی دیگر، با داشتن ویژگی‌هایی چون: بازتاب ارزش و حیثیت حیاتِ عاطفی و حسّی انسان، آزاداندیشی و نبرد با شیوه‌های ادراک رایج، واقع‌گرایی، باور به پویایی و جاودانگی و داشتن سیری تحوّلی برای پذیرش کامل زندگی، گویای مقابله‌ی او با این جهان‌بینی نیهیلیستی و گذر پیروزمندانه­ی او از نوعی نیهیلیسم منفعل به فعال است. هدف از این جستار جست­وجوی پیوندگاه‌های فلسفه‌ی غیرمفهومی و شاعرانه‌ی نیچه از رهگذر نیهیلیستی با جهان‌بینی خاصّ فروغ از رهگذر سیر تحوّلی- تکاملی اندیشه و شعر اوست. روش تحقیق، کیفی و رویکرد غالب ناظر بر تحلیل‌ها، رویکرد نقد فلسفی از گونه‌ی فلسفه‌ی غیرمفهومی و گاهی رویکرد توصیفی با تکیه بر گزاره‌های شاعرانه‌ی آن دو است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Analysis of Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry and Nietzschean Nihilism

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khodabakhsh Asadollahi 1
  • Chiman Fathi 2
1 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
2 mohaghegh ardabili university
چکیده [English]

Friedrich Nietzsche saw contemporary culture as facing the crisis of nihilism because of the dominance of Socratic conceptual thinking. After announcing the death of Platonic rationalist values, he first divided nihilism into two basic passive and active forms, and then the path of the creation of the superman and the universal recognition of life as a passage through passive nihilism to active, which, in his philosophy, is almost equivalent to the stages of metamorphosis of souls: camel, lion and child. Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, on the one hand, reflects his philosophical feelings or sorrows, and on the other hand, has characteristics such as: reflecting the value and status of human emotional and sensory life, free thinking and fighting with common perception methods, realism, belief in dynamism and immortality. And having a transformational course for the full acceptance of life shows his confrontation with this nihilistic worldview and his triumphant transition from a kind of passive to active nihilism. The purpose of this research is to search for the connections between Nietzsche's incomprehensible and poetic philosophy through nihilism and Forough's particular worldview through the evolution of his thought and poetry. The research method is qualitative and the dominant approach to analysis is the philosophical critique approach of non-conceptual philosophy and sometimes the descriptive approach based on the poetic propositions of the two.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nietzsche
  • Forough Farrokhzad
  • Passive nihilism
  • Active nihilism
  • Nihilistic transition
  • Metamorphosis
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