تحلیل تطبیقی و جامعه‌شناختی تبعیض طبقاتی در سروده‌های قانع مریوانی و محمّد مهدی الجواهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان‌ و ادبیات عربی ، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی،‌ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jor.2023.351807.2363

چکیده

جامعه­ای که قانع مریوانی(1898ـ1965) و محمّد مهدی جواهری(1900ـ1997) در آن زندگی می­کردند، جامعه­ای دوقطبی بود که رابطه‌ی دیالکتیکی ضعف و هژمونی و استثمارگر و استثمارشده در نتیجه‌ی تبعیض طبقاتیِ برآمده از سیطره‌ی فئودال­ها بر رعیت، بر فضای آن سایه افکنده بود. در چنین محیطی، دو شاعر به­مثابه‌ی شعرای متعهّد، سروده­های خود را به آینه‌ی تمام­نمای رنج­های رعیت و ظلم و استثمار رواداشته شده بر آنان از سوی طبقه‌ی فئودال تبدیل کرده و روایتگر فقر و گرسنگی و دردهای دهقانان بی­بهره از حقّ حیات در جامعه‌ی مبتلا به شکاف طبقاتی گشته­اند. با توجّه به معاصر بودن دوره‌ی زندگی دو شاعر و وجود قرابت­ها و مشابهت­های سیاسی­ـ اجتماعی در محیط زندگی و درون­مایه‌ی سروده­هایشان و نیز از آن روی که تاکنون جستار مستقلّی به بررسی تطبیقی شکاف طبقاتی در سروده­های قانع و جواهری نپرداخته است، نگارندگان در پژوهش حاضر بر آنند تا به تحلیل تطبیقی تبعیض طبقاتی در شعر دو شاعر بپردازند. مسئله‌‌ی بنیادین پژوهش حاضر این است که پدیده‌ی تبعیض طبقاتی، چگونه و در چه قالب­هایی در سروده­های دو شاعر، نمود یافته و با چه مفاهیمی پیوند خورده است؟ جهت بررسی این مسئله‌، نگارندگان از روش توصیفی­ـ تحلیلی مبتنی بر بررسی جامعه­شناختی بُن­مایه­های سروده­های دو شاعر بر اساس رویکرد مارکسیستی بهره گرفته­­اند. دوگانگی فقر و ثروت، ظلم اجتماعی و استثمار از پُربسامدترین نمودهای تبعیض طبقاتی در جامعه‌ی ارباب و رعیتی است که در سروده­های قانع و جواهری بازنمایی شده و به تبع آن، تأثیرپذیری از محیط اجتماعی مبتنی بر تضادّ طبقاتی، دو شاعر را به سوی کُنش انقلابی به­عنوان گریزگاه رهایی از شکاف طبقاتی و سلطه‌ی فئودال­ها سوق داده است. رویکرد رئالیستی دو شاعر در تصویرسازی مؤلّفه­های تبعیض طبقاتی و اعتقاد به کنش انقلابی به­مثابه‌ی گریزگاه برون­رفت از جامعه‌ی طبقاتی، وجه اشتراک دو شاعر است لکن خلّاقیّت جواهری در تصویرسازی تبعیض طبقاتی و کاوش در رابطه‌ی دیالکتیکی بین دو قطب جامعه، در سطحی والاتر از سروده­های قانع قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative and sociological analysis of class discrimination in the poems of Ghaneh Marivani and Mohammad Mahdi Al-Javaheri

نویسندگان [English]

  • esmaeil barwasi 1
  • Hadi Nazari Monazam 2
1 Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Tarbiat Madares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ghaneh Marivani and Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri were contemporaries living during a long period of domination by the lord-serf system and as a result, the concentration of power and wealth in the feudal class and the marginalization of the serf class. Living in such a society deepened the feeling of failure and humiliation in the hearts, souls and thoughts of the two poets, because struggling with deprivation in their personal lives and observing the miserable living conditions of subordinate people left a deep impact on the poetic emotions of Ghaneh and Javaheri and turned their poems into a full-view mirror of the principles of critical realism in representing the suffering and deprivation of the lower class in the lord-serf society. The monopoly of agricultural properties and means of production in the hands of the feudal class resulted in the accumulation of wealth in the control of this class and extreme poverty and hunger for the serfs, which led to the representation of the duality of poverty and wealth in the poems of two poets and an image of the poverty and hunger of the suffering subjects. The strong economic link between the landowners and the central government and, as a result, the participation of the landowners in political affairs spread the domination of the feudal class and resulted in social oppression of the subjects who do not benefit from the socio-political status. This caused the absolute domination and unlimited ownership of the feudal lords over the lives, property, honor and fate of the subjects, which pushed the poetic content of two poets towards the representation of social oppression and the suffering of the serfs under the control of feudal lords. The ownership of the labor force as the only property of the serfs and the hegemony and unbridled power of the feudal lords caused the exploitation of the subjects by the feudal lords and their instrumentalization by the owners. This induced the parasitic image of the life of the owners as a result of the exploitation of the serfs in the poems of the two poets. The dialectical stance of Ghaneh and Javaheri in criticizing the existing situation is the result of the dialectical and contradictory social conditions prevailing in the society in which the two poets lived. In other words, the existing class conflict brought the two poets to dialectical criticism.  The socialist attitude and awareness of the Marxist point of view in believing in revolution to face class discrimination inspired the poetic content of the two poets towards revolution in confronting the class divide.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Class Discrimination
  • Deprivation
  • Exploitation
  • Social oppression
  • Kurdish and Arabic literature
  • Ghaneh
  • Javaheri

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 29، شماره 2
آبان 1403
صفحه 439-471

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