طبیعت و محتوای پنهان در درد خفیف نوشته‌ی هارولد پینتر

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

ازآنجاکه پینتر در درد خفیف، حوادث و تعاملات شخصیّت­ها را در پس­زمینه­ی باغ و طبیعت روایت می­کند، این مقاله استدلال می­کند که مجاورت انسان و طبیعت در این نمایشنامه معنادار بوده است و تحلیل آن به درک کلّی متن یاری می­رساند. باتوجّه به نقش پررنگ شخصیّت­پردازی در درد خفیف، پرسشِ محوری این مقاله مبتنی­ بر امکان­هایی است که رابطه­ی انسان و طبیعت به پینتر در شخصیّت­پردازی می­دهد. بدین منظور، مبانی نقد زیست­محیطی با تمرکز بر نظرات بوم­فمنیسمیِ اِنِت کلودنی و همچنین مفاهیم «محتوای آشکار» و «محتوای پنهان» از زیگموند فروید بر متن اعمال می­شود. ترکیب این دو خوانش به­منظور تحلیل دغدغه­ها و پیچیدگی­های روانی شخصیّتِ مرد نمایشنامه صورت می­گیرد، زیرا استدلال این مقاله بر این است که محتوای کلّی این اثر مربوط به فانتزی اوست. از­آنجا­که شخصیّت مرد در کشاکش مواجهه با حقیقت ناتوانی خود در اثر کهولت سن است، «محتوای آشکار»، یعنی آنچه در فضای باغ رخ می­دهد، معانی نمادینی در خود دارد که «محتوای پنهان» آن اضطراب­های برآمده­از ورود به دوران پیری است. بنابراین، مقاله­ی پیش­رو معتقد است که همانند رؤیا یا فانتزی، محتوای نمایش نیازمند تعبیر است، تعبیری که از مقایسه­ی «محتوای آشکار» و «محتوای پنهان» حاصل می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nature and Latent Content in Harold Pinter’s A Slight Ache

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahdi Javidshad
Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since Pinter in A Slight Ache narrates the events and interactions of the characters in the background of garden and nature, this article argues that the juxtaposition of man and nature is significant and its analysis contributes to a better understanding of the play. Because characterization plays a major role in A Slight Ache, the main question of this article is based on the possibilities that the relationship between man and nature give to Pinter in characterization. To this end, the theories of ecocriticism, primarily Annette Kolodny’s ecofeminism, as well as the concepts of “manifest content” and “latent content” by Sigmund Freud are applied to the play. The combination of these two readings is done in order to analyze the concerns and psychological complexities of the male character of the play. The argument of this article is that the general content of this work is related to his fantasy. Since the male character of the play is in a struggle to face the reality of his disability due to old age, “manifest content”, i.e. what happens in the garden space, has symbolic meanings, the “latent content” of which is the anxiety that results from entering into the old age. Thus, the present article argues that, like a dream or fantasy, the content of the play needs to be interpreted, an interpretation that is derived from the comparison of “manifest content” and “latent content.”

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • A Slight Ache
  • symbolism
  • condensation and displacement
  • ecocriticism
  • psychoanalytic criticism

مراجع

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 28، شماره 1
مرداد 1402
صفحه 321-341

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