واکاوی سه اثر از مجموعه داستان‌های نیکولاکوچولو بر پایهی نظریهی «خواننده‌ی درون متنِ » ایدن چمبرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نظریه­ی­«­خواننده­ی درون متن» ایدن چمبرز به ­عنوان یکی از ­شاخص­ترین نظریه­های حوزه­ی نقد ادبیات کودک و نوجوان در پی آن است تا در هر اثر، به بررسی میزان کوشش و موفقیّت مؤلّف در به رسمیت شناختن کودک و نوجوان در مقام خواننده و در لابه لای صفحات کتاب بپردازد. چمبرز برای شناخت خواننده­ی نهفته در متن و ویژگی های او، توجه به هر اثر و تحلیل آن را بر پایه­ی چهار مؤلفه­ی«سبک، زاویه دید، طرفداری و شکاف های گویا» ضروری دانسته است. از شاخص­ترین کتاب­های داستانی کودک در سال­های اخیر که مکرّراً ترجمه و به چاپ رسیده مجموعه داستان های نیکولاکوچولو از«رنه گوسینی» نویسنده­ی فرانسوی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی توصیفی ­ـ تحلیلی و با ارائه­ی شواهد مثال از متن فرانسه، به بررسی سه جلد از این مجموعه داستان« نیکولا کوچولو و دوستان»، «نیکولا کوچولو و زنگ تفریح» و«نیکولا کوچولو دچار ­دردسر می­شود»که متشکّل از45 داستان است پرداخته است. حاصل آنکه ­در میان فرایندهای چهارگانه­ی نظریه­ی مذکور، به ترتیب دو عنصر«طرفداری» و«سبک» به علّت قدرت منحصر به فرد نویسنده در طنزپردازی، شگرد شخصیّت پردازی ملموس، جانبداری از جهان کودکی و بهره­مندی از کلمات ساده پر رنگ­تر است. سپس «زاویه دید» اول شخص که باعث تولید ساختارهای زبانی و واژگانی یکسان، ثبات در لحن و یکپارچگی در سراسر داستان­ها شده و بعد عنصر«شکاف های گویا» که باعث می­شود با طرح سؤال در ذهن مخاطب او را به دنبال ادامه­ی ماجرا برای کشف پاسخ بکشاند کارکرد بیشتری داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of Three Stories from the Series Little Nicholas Based on the Theory of "Reader Within the Text" by Eden Chambers

نویسندگان [English]

  • fereshteh mahjoub
  • kamran kassaei
  • Rezvan Abutorabi
Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Eden Chambers' theory of the reader within the text, as one of the most prominent theories in the field of children's and adolescent literary criticism, seeks to examine the level of effort and success of the author in each work. In recognition of children and teenagers as readers and between the pages of the book, and in order to understand the reader hidden in the text and his characteristics, Chambers considers it necessary to pay attention to each work and analyze it based on four components: style, point of view, favoritism, and ex-pressive gaps. One of the most prominent children's story book series in recent years, which has been translated and published many times, is the collection of stories Little Nicholas written by the French writer René Gossini. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and by presenting examples from the French text, examines three volumes of this collection of stories: " Little Nicolas and Friends ", "Little Nicolas and the Break Time" and " Little Nicolas Gets into Trouble", which consist of 45 stories. Consequently, among the four processes of the mentioned theory, two elements of "favorism" and "style", due to the unique power of the author in humor, the technique of concrete characterization, favoring the world of childhood, and benefiting from simple words, are respectively more colorful. As a result, the first person "point of view", which leads to the production of the same language and vocabulary structures and stability in tone and integrity throughout the stories, in addition to the element of "narrative gaps", which makes the audience follow the texts by raising questions in their minds,  induce consistency in the engagement with the story and discovering answers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • expressive gaps
  • favoritism
  • point of view
  • reader within the text
  • style

مراجع

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 28، شماره 1
مرداد 1402
صفحه 245-270

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