بررسی تطبیقی اندیشه‌های آرمان‌شهر‌‌‌ی در اشعار نیما یوشیج و والت ویتمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد زبان وادبیات فارسی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

2 دانشیار زبان وادبیات فارسی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

اندیشه آرمانشهری به معنای توصیف و آرزوی پیدایی جامعه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ای آرمانی که در آن همه ارزش‌های انسانی به کمال رسیده باشد و آحاد آن در پناه اندیشه و خرد در کنار هم با مسالمت می زیند قدمتی به درازنای تاریخ دارد . چنانکه می‌توان مدعی شد که هدف غایی و ادعایی همه ادیان ومذاهب و فرمانروایان در طول تاریخ نیل به چنین جامعه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ای بوده است. لذا شگفت انگیز نیست که این اندیشه از دیرباز مورد توجه فلاسفه و اندیشمندان جهان قرار گرفته و بزرگانی چون افلاطون و توماس مور در جهان غرب، و فارابی در جهان شرق هر یک از دیدگاه خویش مختصات آن را برشمرده اند و راه دستیابی بدان را نیز به زعم خود ترسیم کرده‌اند. در پژوهش حاضر اندیشه‌های آرمانشهری نیما یوشیج و والت ویتمن به عنوان نمایندگانی از شرق و غرب جهانی که در آستانۀ قرن بیستم دستخوش تحولاتی شگرف بود مورد بررسی و تطبیق قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Utopian Thoughts in the Poems of Nima Yooshij and Walt Whitman

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Karimi 1
  • Mohammad Taheri 2
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Human Science, Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan, Hamedan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Human Science, Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The idea of ​​utopia is to describe and aspirate the emergence of an ideal society in which all human values ​​are fully realized, and all of which are peaceful in peace with thought and wisdom, has a long history . It can be argued that the ultimate and supposed goal of all religions and goverments in the history of achieving such a community has been. It is not surprising, therefore, that this idea has long been considered by philosophers and thinkers of the world, and the great figures such as Plato and Thomas Moore in the Western world and Farabi in the Eastt have identified each of their points of view as their coordinates. In the present study, the ideals of Nima Yushi and Walt Whitman, as representatives of the East and West of the World, which have undergone tremendous developments at the turn of the twentieth century, have been studied and adapted

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Utopia
  • Nima Yoshij
  • Walt Whitman
  • comparative Literature
  • modern poetry
Afrasiabi, H. and Membini, S., “Sociological analysis of Nima's poem: Snow, based on the Shariati views and relying on the concept of grief”, Sociology of Art and Literature, Number1, pp. 63-79, (1394).
Ahmad Soltani, M., “Common motifs of uprightness in the poems of Saadi and Walt Whitman” Comparative Literature Studies, Third year, Number 9, pp. 11-26, (1388).   
Alaei Hosseini, M. (1999) “Two poets from both sides of the world, Nima Youshij   and Walt Whitman”, Collection of Essays commemorating the 100th anniversary of Nima Yoshij, Tehran, National Commission for UNESCO in Iran, pp. 341-353, (1378).
Alizadeh Khayat, N. and Sadeghi Shahpar, R. ‌ “Utopian Thought and Failure or Victory in Penetrating the Surreal World”, Bustan Adab, Number 4, pp. 87-112, (1391).
Arianpour, Y., From Nima to later, Tehran, Zavvar Publishing, (2003).
Asadi Amjad, F. and Rouhani Manesh, M. “Resistance and overthrow of the dominant literary discourse in the poetry of Nima Youshij and Walt Whitman”, Language and Translation Studies, Number 2, pp. 23-44, (1393).
Asil, H. ‌, Utopia in Iranian Thought, Tehran: Ney Publishing, (1381).
Avicenna, The Book of Healing, Theology, with introduction by Madkour, I. and research by Qanawati and Zayed, Qom, Marashi Najafi School, (1404).
Darras Jacques “Walt Whitman, poète de l'utopie américaine: Entretien avec Jacques Darras” Esprit, Number 288, pp. 55-64, (2002).
Éluard, Paul, De la forcé de l'amour: Excerpts of Poems, Translated by Farid, J. Tehran, Negah Publication, (1393).
Farabi, A. M., Principles of the Opinions of the Citizens of the Ideal City, translated and annotated by Sajjadi, S.J., Tehran: Tahoori. (1361).
Fernan, C. J., History of American Literature, translated by Hosseini Nejad, H. Tehran, Tahoori Publication, (1334).
Haslam, J., “Punishing Utopia: Whitman, Hawthorne, and the Terrible Prison”, Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, Number 3, pp. 1-22, (2017)
Ignoffo, M., “The American Dream and Its Culmination in Walt Whitman.” Loyola ECommons, (1972), ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1190.
Lawrence, D. H., Studies in classic American literature, New York, Viking Press, (1964).
Mohammadpour, H., “The Influence of Western Literary Translations on Nima Youshij”, Bi-Quarterly of Contemporary Iranian Literature, Number. 1, pp. 17-34, (1395).
Moore, T., ‌ Utopia, translated by Ashouri, D. Tehran: Kharazmi Publishing, (1361).
Mulla Sadra, S. M. S., Al-Mabda wa Al-Ma'ad, edited by Ashtiani, S.J. Qom, Boostan-e Ketab, (1380). 
Raghibdoost, S., “Sohrab Sepehri and Walt Whitman: Bright Companions”, Literary Text Research, Number 23, pp. 123-141, (1384).
Razani, A.H. and Niroumand, A., “Display of Death in the Poetry of Rumi and Whitman”, Rumi Research Quarterly, Number. 13, pp. 140-160, (1391).
Rezaei, R. and Amir Mashhadi, M. and Sha'iri, Hamidreza, “Study and analysis of Nima Youshij's lifestyle in his letters (based on the model of Eric Landowski)” Research in Contemporary World Literature, Volume 24, Number 1, pp. 119-147, (1398).
Rovion, F. Utopia in the History of Western Thought, translated by Bagheri, A. Tehran, Ney Publishing, (1385).
Salemi Garoui, S. and Talebzadeh Shoushtari A., “A Picture of the Ideal Society in the Gibran Khalil Gibran and Nima Yoshij's Literature”, International Conference on Literature and Comparative Research, Gorgan, Nasim Mo'oud Cultural Institute, pp.46- 62, (1394).
Saliba, J., Glossary of Philosophy and Social Sciences, translated by Sajjadi, S. and Barg Nisi, K., Tehran, Enteshar Co., (1371).
Sarvat, M. ‌, Introduction to the Literary Schools, Tehran: Sokhan Publishing, (1391).
Segal, H. P., Technological Utopianism in American Culture. Syracuse University Press, (2005). 
Tabibzadeh, O. ‌ (1387), A Look at Nima's Poetry, Tehran: Niloufar Publishing.
Talttoff, K., Writing Politics: A Research in Contemporary Poetry and Story, translated by Kamali, M. Tehran, Namak Publication, (1394).
Tusi, K. N. ‌, Nasirean Ethics, Volume 1, edited by Minavi, M. and Heydari, A., Tehran, Kharazmi Publishing, (1391).
Whitman, W., Leaves of Grass, New York University Press, (1964).
Whitman, W., Leaves of Grass, translated by Bekvaei, M. Tehran: Lian Publishing, (1395).
Whitman, Walt, ‌Excerpts of Walt Whitman's poems, translated by Parham. S, Tehran, Morvarid Publishing, (1383‌).
Yousefi Behzadi, M.."Nīmā Yušig et les poètes modernes français (Alfred de Vignyet Paul Éluard)" Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji, No. 53, Special Issue, French, pp. 121-132, (2009).
Youshij, N., The value of emotions and five essays on poetry and drama, by Tahabaz S., Tehran, Gothenburg Publication, (1351).
---, Collecttions of Nima Youshij Poems, Tehran, Nik Farjam Publishing, (1392).