کانون‌ و تبعید در ادبیات تطبیقی؛ درآمدی بر نقش تاریخی کانون‌های ادبی معاصر جهان در تحولات ادبی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

این جستار که درآمدگونه‌ای‌ است بر بیان اهمیت «کانون» در ادبیات تطبیقی و تبیین نقش کانون‌های ادبی معاصر جهان در تحولات ادبی ایران، نخست برپایه دیدگاه محمدرضا شفیعی‌‌کدکنی درباره «شبکه‌‎ـ مرکز»، دیدگاه کازانووا درباره «پایتخت جمهوری جهانی ادبیات» و دیدگاه بیوگارد و اکشتاین درباره «شهر همه‌صدایی»، از کانون ادبی تعریفی به ‌دست می‌دهد، آن‌گاه نمونه‌وار، به نقش کانون‌های ادبی قفقاز، استانبول و برلین در رویدادهای ادبی ایران اشاره‌ می‌کند. در چهارچوب نظری این پژوهش، کانون معمولاً مکان‌فضایی است که تعین فرهنگی-ادبی، توان سیاسی‌ـ اقتصادی و قدرت جذب دارد و می­تواند هر قابل جذبی را به‎سوی خود بکشد، در خود بپذیرد و ببالاند و خود نیز ببالد. کانون گاه «شهرِ همه‌صدایی» است؛ یعنی «دموکراسی گفتمانی» دارد و به  هر صاحب سخن، ایده و اندیشه‎ای، امکان روایتگری و آفرینش می‌دهد. حاصل سخن اینکه: 1. کانون‌های ادبی در شکل‌گیری تعاملات ادبی و درنتیجه در مطالعات تطبیقی مهم‌اند، 2. کانون، گاه خاستگاه و عامل پیدایش پدیده‌ها، جریان‌ها و تحولات ادبی شاخص است، 3. کانون‌های ادبی معاصر جهان و ایرانیان تبعیدی در آن، در ورود آثار و انواع ادبی غرب مدرن به ایران، نیز در فراهم‌سازی زمینه تأثیرپذیری ادبیات ایران از ادبیات جهان و ازجمله در پیدایش نمایش و داستان‌ مدرن ایران، رونق ترجمه و تأثیر آن بر آفرینش ادبی، نقش داشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Center and Exile in Comparative Literature; An Introduction to the Historical Role of Contemporary Literary Centers of the World in Iranian Literary Developments

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebrahim Mohammadi
Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study provides a theoretical introduction to the significance of “literary centers” in comparative literature and examines the role of contemporary global literary centers in shaping Iranian literary developments. Drawing upon three conceptual frameworks: Professor Shafiee Kadkani’s “network–center” theory, Casanova’s notion of the “capital of the world republic of literature,” and Beaugrande and Eckstein’s “polyphonic city” model, article first establishes a working definition of literary centers before analyzing the influence of three exemplary centers (the Caucasus, Istanbul, and Berlin) on Iranian literary movements. A literary center is defined as a spatial-cultural entity possessing cultural-literary determinacy, political-economic power, and an attractive force capable of assimilating, absorbing, and elevating literary phenomena while simultaneously enhancing its own prestige; additionally, some centers exhibit “discursive democracy,” as seen in the “polyphonic city,” which enables pluralistic narratives and creative expression. The study concludes that literary centers play a crucial role in facilitating intercultural literary exchange and supporting comparative literary inquiry, and that they have been instrumental in introducing modern Western literary works and genres to Iran, allowing Persian literature to engage with world literature. This influence is particularly evident in the emergence of modern Iranian drama and fiction, the flourishing of literary translation, and their lasting impact on the evolution of Persian literary production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caucasus
  • exile
  • Istanbul
  • literary center
  • modern Iranian drama and fiction
  • Persian grammar
  • translated men

مراجع

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 79-98

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