وجوه تعاملی سوژه و ژست در سهگانۀ بکت

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کوثر بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

چکیده

سوژه و ژست از مفاهیمی هستند که در رابطۀ تعاملی و تناظری با یکدیگر قرار دارند. در گفتمان‌ ادبی، سوژه به‌تأثیر از ژست دچار استحاله می‌شود و از این منظر، ژست در بازتولید هویّت و باورمندی سوژه ایفای نقش می‌کند. مسئلۀ اصلی پژوهشِ حاضر تأثیر ژست بر سوژه و تبیین سازوکارها و کارکردهای آن است. یکی از جلوه‌های تأثیرپذیری سوژه از ژست و وجوه تعاملی این دو مفهوم را در آثار ساموئل بکت می‌توان پی‌جویی کرد. نوع تفکّر بکت که از نواندیشی فلسفی و طنز گزندۀ او مایه می‌گیرد، موجب تحوّل ساختارهای ادبی و اندیشگانی در قرن بیستم شد و از این منظر، وجوه تعاملی این دو مفهوم در این ساختار بسیار اهمیت دارد. در این پژوهش کارکرد سوژه و ژست و وجوه تعاملی آن در سه‌گانۀ بکت واکاوی می‌شود و تأثیر ژست بر افول سوژه‌ نمایان می‌گردد. استحالۀ­ سوژه به‌میانجی ژست از این منظر قابل بازنمایی است که در روایت سه­گانۀ بکت، فقدان ژست‌، سوژه‌های بکتی را بی‌چهره و مستهلک می‌کند که حتّی به ماقبل سوژگی می‌رسند. برای نشان دادن این فرایند، مسیر حرکت سوژه در بکت در سه ساحت پیشا- افول، افول و پسا- افول بازنمایی شده است. در این فرایند سوژۀ بکتی از تن دادن به نظم نمادین سر باز می­زند و به سوژگی نمی­رسد. مسیر افولی فیگور بکتی با رفتن به ساحت هیچ، تن را می‌زُداید و تنی ساکن و ذهنی وراج را برای او رقم می‌زند. بنابراین تنِ سوژه (فیگور) در گفتمان بکت به تنی فرو­پاشیده، از هم گسیخته و به‌غایتِ تودگی می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interactive aspects of subject and gesture in Beckett's trilogy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Safikhani
  • Ebrahim Kanani
  • Omid Vahdanifar
Department of Persian Language and Literature, Department Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Subject and gesture are concepts that are in an interactive and corresponding relationship with each other. In literary discourse, the subject is transformed by the effect of the gesture, and the gesture plays a role in reproducing the identity of the subject. The problem of this research is the effect of the gesture on the subject and the expression of its mechanisms. One of the effects of the effect of the subject on the gesture can be found in the works of Samuel Beckett. Beckett's type of thinking transformed the literary and intellectual structures of the 20th century, and from this point of view, the interactive aspects of these two concepts are very important in this structure. In this research, the interactive aspects of the subject and gesture in Beckett's trilogy are analyzed and the effect of the gesture on the decline of the subject is revealed. The metamorphosis of the subject refers to the concept that the lack of gesture makes Beckett's subjects faceless and degenerate, which even reach pre-subjectivity. To show this process, the movement of the subject in Beckett is represented in three areas: pre-decline, decline and post-decline. In this process, Beckett's subject refuses to conform to the symbolic order and does not become a subject. The downward path of Beckett's figure, by going to the field of nothing, removes the body and gives her a static body and a restless mind. Therefore, the body of the subject (figure) becomes a collapsed, disintegrated and mass-like body.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gesture
  • subject
  • becoming a subject
  • declining subject
  • Beckett's trilogy

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پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
دوره 30، شماره 2
مهر 1404
صفحه 611-641

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