An Investigation into the Evolution of "Father Rentería’s Personality in the Novel " Pedro Páramo " Based on Freud's Theory

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

10.22059/jor.2022.334594.2237

Abstract

Personality is among the most important principles of psychological criticism. In a general division of the personality structure, Freud divided personality into three elements: id, ego, and superego, in which the whole "id " and a large proportion of "ego" and "superego" are considered as unconscious elements. In this study, in the light of Freud's theory and in a descriptive-analytical way, it was shown that Father Rentería (one of the characters in Pedro Páramo's novel) who, as a priest of the Catholic Church in the small town of Comala, should play the role of a flexible and wise "superego" and act benevolently towards all members of this society, under the influence of instincts such as hunger (or fear of hunger), in conflicts between his id and superego, draws his ego toward his id. In fact, he turns into a self in this society instead of playing the role of a flexible superego of society due to paving the way for his id and his complete surrender to the unbridled power of Pedro Páramo. A self that is a surrender to Comala’s id that is Pedro Páramo and his son, Miguel. Then, due to the unrestrainedness of Comala’s id and the encroachment on his life - that is, the killing of her brother and the rape of her niece, Anna, by Miguel - a sense of guilt gradually awakens in him and after employing some defense mechanisms to move away from his id and to moves towards his superego and, finally, enters into the realm of self-consciousness (new reality) and makes a novel "I".
In fact, he turns into a self in this society instead of playing the role of a flexible superego of society due to paving the way for his id and his complete surrender to the unbridled power of Pedro Páramo.

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Research in Contemporary World Literature
Volume 29, Issue 2
November 2024
Pages 689-707

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