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One of the rich elements persisting in the treasure of human culture and customs is myth and mythicizing is one of the oldest ways of story telling. In France, following the great ancient tragedy writers, the use of ancient myths, particularly in literature and dramatic arts, has long been a practice. However, the approach of the 20th century to the issue of myth, with respect to the number of works in which a mythical story has been re-examined and re-constructed, is considered a special approach. This article argues that the re-emergence of myth in the era of modernity and its rewriting is not accidental. To prove this, the article touches upon some causes of such a return of myth to France's dramatic literature in the first half of the 20th. century. It also discusses the peculiarities of neomyth, that is, the myth created with a new insight, issues the study of which is impossible without an understanding of their soci-historical backgrounds.