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Realistic literature, the basis for contmporary literature, aims at representation of truthfulness and reality. Before world war II, the dispute
between fascism and anti- fascism became the decisive factor for social and political life. After the defeat of fascism the new dispute between socialism and imperialist capitalism once again become dominant in world politics and thus the makers of the cold- war aimed to divide humanity into two rival camps. After the defeat of socialism, Imperialism became the dominant thought. For a critical evaluation of Realism and Modernism one must take into consideration its form and dialectics. The political upheavels were like a shadow over the literature of the age, which writers displayed in their writings, as in the formulation of literary characters who suffer from mental disorders, or ultimately some writers may have chosen nihilism as a literary style.