اقلیّت‌سازی کارائیبی در قلمروی اروپایی: بازخوانی رابینسون کروزو در پانتومیم نوشته‌ی دِرِک والکات

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.

2 گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه تهران، پردیس البرز، البرز، ایران

چکیده

دِرِک والکات در پانتومیم به خوانش منحصر­به­فرد خود از رمان رابینسون کروزو نوشته‌ی دَنیل دفو، رمانی که بخشی از حافظه‌ی فرهنگی غربی را تشکیل می­دهد، می­پردازد. آنچه او به­عنوان نویسنده­ای غیر اروپایی انجام می­دهد، ورود به قلمروی زبان و ادبیات اروپایی و قلمروزدایی آن به­منظور بیان دغدغه­های جمعی بومی خود است. از­آنجا­که رمان رابینسون کروزو حاوی ارزش­های استعماری است، والکات آن را نقطه‌ی شروع مناسبی برای مقابله با اروپا­محوری موجود در ادبیات غرب و تولید ارزش­های ضد­استعماری می­داند. مقاله‌ی پیش­رو از مفاهیم «ادبیات اکثریّت»، «ادبیات اقلیّت»، «قلمروزدایی» و «شدن» از ژیل دلوز و فلیکس گتاری بهره می­برد تا نحوه‌ی گفتمان­گریزی از سنّت اروپایی و تلاش برای گفتمان­سازی ضد­استعماری در نمایشنامه‌ی والکات را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. این پژوهش از آن جهت دارای اهمیّت است که نحوه‌ی مواجهه و تقابل نویسنده­ای اقلیّت با ادبیات اکثریّت، به­منظور مصادره‌ی سنّت و نتیجتاً ابراز ارزش­های بومی حاشیه­رانده­شده را تبیین می­نماید. دغدغه­های مذکور در حیطه­هایی همچون راهبرد کلّی والکات در بازنویسی آثار فاخر ادبی، امکانی که متاتئاتر به والکاتِ پسااستعمار جهت اقلیّت­سازی در ادبیات اکثریّت می­دهد، واسازی مفاهیم استعماری و تغییر بنیادین در معنا و جایگاه فرودست مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می­گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Caribbean Minoritization in European Territory: Rereading Robinson Crusoe in Derek Walcott’s Pantomime

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Javidshad 1
  • Navid Maghsoud 2
1 Department of English Language and Literature, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2 Department of English Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Alborz Campus, Alborz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In Pantomime (1978), Derek Walcott presents his unique reading of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719), a novel that forms part of Western cultural memory. What Walcott as a non-European writer does is entering the realm of European language and literature and deterritorializing it in order to express his indigenous collective concerns. Because Robinson Crusoe contains colonial values, Walcott sees it as a proper starting point for confronting the centralism of Western literature and producing anti-colonial values. The present article applies the concepts of “major literature,” “minor literature,” “deterritorialization,” and “becoming” by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari to explore Walcott’s method of dissociation from European tradition and discourse and examine the attempt to fashion anti-colonial discourse in the play. This study finds its significance in its investigation into how a minor writer approaches major literature in order to appropriate tradition and consequently express marginalized indigenous values. These concerns are discussed in such areas as Walcott’s overall strategy in rewriting canonical works, the possibility that metatheatre gives to the postcolonial Walcott to minoritize in major literature, the deconstruction of colonial concepts, and the fundamental change in meaning and status of the subaltern.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Derek Walcott
  • Pantomime
  • Robinson Crusoe
  • minor literature
  • Eurocentrism
  • deterritorialization
  • becoming
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