تحلیل شناختی استعاره های مفهومی در متن زن محور رمان قطار زیر زمینی اثر کلسون وایتهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه ملایر ، همدان، ایران

چکیده

رویکردهایِ شناختی در ادبیات که شامل توسعه روش‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌هایی برای توصیف و دریافت متون است، در چند سال اخیر افزایش داشته است. جرج لیکاف و مارک جانسون، در اثری تحت عنوان استعاره‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌هایی که با آن‌ها زندگی ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌می کنیم به مدد تئوری «استعارۀ مفهومی» بیان‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ می‌کنند که استعاره وسیله ای برای درک یک مفهوم انتزاعی بر اساس مفهوم عینی دیگر است. جستار حاضر‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ می‌کوشد تا به این سوالات پاسخ دهد که چگونه کاربرد استعاره مفهومی در رمان قطار زیرزمینی اثر کلسون وایتهد در بیان گویاتر پدیده‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های انتزاعی وصف ناپذیری مانند زجر بردگی، نژاد پرستی، و ظلم مضاعف بر زنان سیاه‌پوست نقش داشته است؟ و آیا ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌میتوان در این اثر، کلان استعاره‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌هایی را در حوزه مفهومی آزادی و زجر اسارت جست که به سایر زیر استعاره متن رمان انسجام بخشد؟ از دیدگاه نقد فمینیستی ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌میتوان گفت که در این اثر، قهرمان زن داستان، کورا، مفاهیم انتزاعی مختلفی در هر مرحله از سفر خود با قطار همانند رنج جدایی از مادر، رنج تجاوز،رنج شلاق خوردن، رنج کار بدون مزد و رنج عقیم شدن اجباری را تجربه کرده‌است. نویسنده با استفاده از عنوان استعاره‌ای قطار زیرزمینی کورا را به سوی آزادی‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ می‌فرستد که دست‌‌ نیافتنی‌ است. در این مطالعه، روش تحلیل مفهومی استفاده شده‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study Of Conceptual Metaphors In The Feminist Context Of The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh AskarMotlagh
  • Sahar Jamshidian
Department of English Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature University of Hamedan - Hamedan -Iran
چکیده [English]

The interest in cognitive approaches to literature which include the development of methodologies for describing both the production and reception of literary texts has increased in the past few years. In proposing the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their book, Metaphors We Live By (1980), assert that conceptual metaphors help us comprehend abstract concepts in terms of more concrete ones. This research has tried to answer these questions that if the use of conceptual metaphor in Colson whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) could contribute to the effectiveness of whitehead’s writing in describing the indescribable phenomena, such as horrors of slavery, racism and especially double oppression on black women? And is it possible to find main metaphors in the conceptual realm of freedom and suffering of slavery which give coherence to other sub-metaphors of the text? From the point of view of feminist criticism, it can be said that in this work, female protagonist of the story, Cora, experiences different abstract concepts in each stage of her train journey such as the sufferings of separation from mother, hard working without wages, rape, whipping, and sterilization. By using the title of the Underground Railroad as metaphor writer sends Cora toward a freedom which is unattainable. In this study, conceptual analytical method has been used.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cognitivism
  • metaphor
  • slavery
  • freedom
  • black feminism
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