University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621The Evolution of Latin American Detective Novel and the Role of Women in ThemThe Evolution of Latin American Detective Novel and the Role of Women in Them5235088110.22059/jor.2012.50881FAAliciaAfkhami Nasrollah ZadehJournal Article20121216<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Duringthe past two decades<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />detective genrehas experiencedan unprecedented boomin LatinAmerica<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. Many of<br />the writers writing in this regard </span>have highlightedthe<br />roleof women indetectiveframes<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">.</span>This<br />paper examinesa series ofdetective novelstoexaminebroadlythe<br />evolutionofthe female figure incontemporarydetective<br />novelsofArgentina<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>Chileand<br />Mexico<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. </span>Here,we show howthe<br />womandetectivestartsimitatingand<br />parodyingthe figure ofmaledetective<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>but<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, over<br />time, </span>come todevelop her own styleof<br />being and feeling<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, reaching </span>a defined personalitythatallows<br />us to report<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>in somecases<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />difficultsocialrealitythat<br />surrounds her.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Duringthe past two decades<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />detective genrehas experiencedan unprecedented boomin LatinAmerica<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. Many of<br />the writers writing in this regard </span>have highlightedthe<br />roleof women indetectiveframes<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">.</span>This<br />paper examinesa series ofdetective novelstoexaminebroadlythe<br />evolutionofthe female figure incontemporarydetective<br />novelsofArgentina<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>Chileand<br />Mexico<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. </span>Here,we show howthe<br />womandetectivestartsimitatingand<br />parodyingthe figure ofmaledetective<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>but<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, over<br />time, </span>come todevelop her own styleof<br />being and feeling<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, reaching </span>a defined personalitythatallows<br />us to report<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>in somecases<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />difficultsocialrealitythat<br />surrounds her.</span>University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621A Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Wandering Island and To the Lighthouse Under the Light of FeminismA Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Wandering Island and To the Lighthouse Under the Light of Feminism25405088210.22059/jor.2012.50882FAبهرامBehinخیابان شریعتی جنوبی. کوچه ارک. کوچه خلیفه گری.
پلاک ۶. طبقه ۴. واحد ۷.0000-0002-2224-815XMasoumehBagheriJournal Article20121015<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Feminism is a belief that women and men are equally<br />worthwhile creatures, but most communities define a degree of superiority for<br />the male group. In modern ages, some social movements have struggled to achieve<br />equality between women and men and restore women’s ignored rights.<br /> Presence of women themselves and their activities are significant and<br />require more scholarly studies. Women novelists have created memorable writings<br />through these movements. Born in 1882, Virginia Woolf’s great contribution to<br />feminism is indisputable and Simin Daneshvar’s writings and lectures, a source<br />of inspiration to many writers in Iran, reveal her inclinations towards<br />feminism. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Woolf’s<br />To the Lighthouse and Daneshvar’s The Wandering Island and The Wandering<br />Cameleer in the light of feminism. The approach of this paper is explanation<br />and clarification of feminists’ idea that women are first human beings, and are<br />independent creatures with different biologial, cultural and psychological<br />characteristics. Following close reading of the texts of the novels and<br />utilizing feminist views, the novels were compared and many similarities were<br />observed in them. Among many other issues, the focus of the paper is on female<br />characters of the novels, both traditional and modern, who have shared wishes,<br />fears, concerns, and sufferings. The patriarchy power applies similar<br />strategies to oppress women, although they are located in different regions of<br />the world.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Feminism is a belief that women and men are equally<br />worthwhile creatures, but most communities define a degree of superiority for<br />the male group. In modern ages, some social movements have struggled to achieve<br />equality between women and men and restore women’s ignored rights.<br /> Presence of women themselves and their activities are significant and<br />require more scholarly studies. Women novelists have created memorable writings<br />through these movements. Born in 1882, Virginia Woolf’s great contribution to<br />feminism is indisputable and Simin Daneshvar’s writings and lectures, a source<br />of inspiration to many writers in Iran, reveal her inclinations towards<br />feminism. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Woolf’s<br />To the Lighthouse and Daneshvar’s The Wandering Island and The Wandering<br />Cameleer in the light of feminism. The approach of this paper is explanation<br />and clarification of feminists’ idea that women are first human beings, and are<br />independent creatures with different biologial, cultural and psychological<br />characteristics. Following close reading of the texts of the novels and<br />utilizing feminist views, the novels were compared and many similarities were<br />observed in them. Among many other issues, the focus of the paper is on female<br />characters of the novels, both traditional and modern, who have shared wishes,<br />fears, concerns, and sufferings. The patriarchy power applies similar<br />strategies to oppress women, although they are located in different regions of<br />the world.</span>University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621A Comparative-Intertextual Study of the Influence of Gabriel Garcia Marquez on Iranian Literature; the Reflection of One Hundred Years of Solitude in Mehta’s BalloonA Comparative-Intertextual Study of the Influence of Gabriel Garcia Marquez on Iranian Literature; the Reflection of One Hundred Years of Solitude in Mehta’s Balloon41565088310.22059/jor.2012.50883FAMaryamHaghroostaRaminVahidzadeJournal Article20130318Gabriel García Márquez is one of the most outstanding cultural, political and social figures in Latin America. Apparently Iranian writers have been greatly influenced by him and we can perceive the reflection of his words, his style, or in general, his voice in the works of many Persians writers. In this research we have done an intertextual-comparative-study on the reflection of <em>One Hundred Years of Solitude</em> in <em>Mahta’s Balloon</em> written by Jafar Modares Sadeghi. In this study we have taken advantage of Gérard Genette’s theories of transtextuality by elaborating on intertextual and hypertext approaches. The transtextual relations between the two texts are shown and classified by studying the similarities and differences between the characters and events of these literary works.Gabriel García Márquez is one of the most outstanding cultural, political and social figures in Latin America. Apparently Iranian writers have been greatly influenced by him and we can perceive the reflection of his words, his style, or in general, his voice in the works of many Persians writers. In this research we have done an intertextual-comparative-study on the reflection of <em>One Hundred Years of Solitude</em> in <em>Mahta’s Balloon</em> written by Jafar Modares Sadeghi. In this study we have taken advantage of Gérard Genette’s theories of transtextuality by elaborating on intertextual and hypertext approaches. The transtextual relations between the two texts are shown and classified by studying the similarities and differences between the characters and events of these literary works.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621Evaluating the Need for a New Translation of Hafiz in GermanEvaluating the Need for a New Translation of Hafiz in German57755088410.22059/jor.2012.50884FAHosseinSarkar HassankhanJournal Article20130302Hafez is considered to be one of the most well-known Iranian<br />poets in German culture. Although there are many translations of his <em>Divan</em><br />(Anthology and complete translation of Poems), the question is do we need a new<br />translation? Hafiz was obliged to compress all his knowledge in words, which is<br />why his poetry is so enigmatic. Reading his poetry is like entering a labyrinth<br />from where it is difficult to exit. Although knowing a language is mandatory<br />for translation, it is not enough to arrive at a complete one. This paper studies<br />the various translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan</em> to decide which one covers both the poetical and aesthetical aspects of<br />his poetry, and moreover introduce the best available translation(s) to German<br />readers. The study arrives at the conclusion that we still need better<br />translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan.</em>Hafez is considered to be one of the most well-known Iranian<br />poets in German culture. Although there are many translations of his <em>Divan</em><br />(Anthology and complete translation of Poems), the question is do we need a new<br />translation? Hafiz was obliged to compress all his knowledge in words, which is<br />why his poetry is so enigmatic. Reading his poetry is like entering a labyrinth<br />from where it is difficult to exit. Although knowing a language is mandatory<br />for translation, it is not enough to arrive at a complete one. This paper studies<br />the various translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan</em> to decide which one covers both the poetical and aesthetical aspects of<br />his poetry, and moreover introduce the best available translation(s) to German<br />readers. The study arrives at the conclusion that we still need better<br />translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan.</em>University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621Dialogism and Polyphony in Simin Daneshvar's Wandering IslandDialogism and Polyphony in Simin Daneshvar's Wandering Island77915088510.22059/jor.2012.50885FAEbrahimSALIMIKOUCHIFatemehSokoutjahromiJournal Article20130115<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Mikhail Bakhtin presented "dialogism" and<br />"polyphony" as remarkable components of modern literary novels. Since<br />then, many literary critics including Kristeva and Genette began to expand, and<br />offer a variety of presentations and configurations of these notions. Today, we<br />can consider "intertextuality" as a common ground between the<br />different interpretations of the theories of Bakhtine, Kristeva and Genette.<br />Also, we can represent an inherent and holistic explanation of the concepts of<br />"dialogism" and "polyphony" in a literary text</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />In contemporary Persian literature, the works of Simin Daneshvar is envisaged<br />among the few literary creations that contain dialogism and its corollaries</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />Hence, in this paper, first, we aim to offer a detailed explanation of what<br />dialogism is, and second, we will try to show how we can consider Daneshvar's <em>Wandering<br />Island</em> as a dialogic literary text.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Mikhail Bakhtin presented "dialogism" and<br />"polyphony" as remarkable components of modern literary novels. Since<br />then, many literary critics including Kristeva and Genette began to expand, and<br />offer a variety of presentations and configurations of these notions. Today, we<br />can consider "intertextuality" as a common ground between the<br />different interpretations of the theories of Bakhtine, Kristeva and Genette.<br />Also, we can represent an inherent and holistic explanation of the concepts of<br />"dialogism" and "polyphony" in a literary text</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />In contemporary Persian literature, the works of Simin Daneshvar is envisaged<br />among the few literary creations that contain dialogism and its corollaries</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />Hence, in this paper, first, we aim to offer a detailed explanation of what<br />dialogism is, and second, we will try to show how we can consider Daneshvar's <em>Wandering<br />Island</em> as a dialogic literary text.</span>University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621Italian Immigration Literature; the Reflection of Women's New WorldItalian Immigration Literature; the Reflection of Women's New World931105088610.22059/jor.2012.50886FAMahzadSheikholislamiدانشگاه تهرانJournal Article20130220"Literature of migration" has<br />emerged in the last decades in Italy through a diverse range of migrant writers<br />who were passionate to establish a connection with their host society and<br />receive recognition in the respective context. This literature is consolidated by<br />its own narration from faraway lands, immigration related dissonances and<br />discords, and duality of self; devoting to introduce the reconstructed and<br />retrieved identities of these immigrants. This research will focus on four<br />works by famous women writers and the selection criteria of these works was<br />based on their preoccupation with the phenomenon of pregnancy and motherhood.<br />In addition to the representation of autobiographic significances, the study<br />will emphasize the instrumental role of literature in portraying the phenomena<br />and social changes, and reveal new images portrayed about the future and their<br />surroundings in the heroines' mind. As to mention some of the core issues in<br />this study, we can refer to subjects like the reactions of female protagonists<br />in undesirable situations as unwanted pregnancy, their conscious or unconscious<br />efforts to regain their own rights and the acquisition of a favorable position.<br />As it was expectd, the feminine-oriented<br />thoughts of the selected writers, undoubtedly, originates the anti chauvinism<br />notions in the mind of the protagonists of the mentioned works who are more<br />responsible and skilful than men, and who try to overthrow the inhuman<br />tradition of male supremacy. They are aware of male dominance that has<br />oppressed them for centuries, and <br />struggle to obtain a more pivotal role in the context of their own<br />existence."Literature of migration" has<br />emerged in the last decades in Italy through a diverse range of migrant writers<br />who were passionate to establish a connection with their host society and<br />receive recognition in the respective context. This literature is consolidated by<br />its own narration from faraway lands, immigration related dissonances and<br />discords, and duality of self; devoting to introduce the reconstructed and<br />retrieved identities of these immigrants. This research will focus on four<br />works by famous women writers and the selection criteria of these works was<br />based on their preoccupation with the phenomenon of pregnancy and motherhood.<br />In addition to the representation of autobiographic significances, the study<br />will emphasize the instrumental role of literature in portraying the phenomena<br />and social changes, and reveal new images portrayed about the future and their<br />surroundings in the heroines' mind. As to mention some of the core issues in<br />this study, we can refer to subjects like the reactions of female protagonists<br />in undesirable situations as unwanted pregnancy, their conscious or unconscious<br />efforts to regain their own rights and the acquisition of a favorable position.<br />As it was expectd, the feminine-oriented<br />thoughts of the selected writers, undoubtedly, originates the anti chauvinism<br />notions in the mind of the protagonists of the mentioned works who are more<br />responsible and skilful than men, and who try to overthrow the inhuman<br />tradition of male supremacy. They are aware of male dominance that has<br />oppressed them for centuries, and <br />struggle to obtain a more pivotal role in the context of their own<br />existence.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621The Structure of Horizon in the Poems of Nazim Hikmet: Obsession with LocationThe Structure of Horizon in the Poems of Nazim Hikmet: Obsession with Location1111295088710.22059/jor.2012.50887FAAliABBASSIProfesseur
Université Shahide BeheshtiMonireAkbarpouranJournal Article20130601Nazim Hikmet (1901-1963), Turkish poet and a true believer of<br />Marxism, spent 12 years of his life in prison and nearly 20 years in exile, an<br />experience that profoundly changed his perception of space and influenced the horizon structure of<br />his literary work. As Michel Collot explains, horizon structure considers the<br />phenomenological idea of “existence-in the world” and seeks the life character<br />or subject matter in the literary work; the character as an existent which is<br />always placed (positioned) in a certain location, from where it evokes the<br />world. This method assumes that each statement is built from three components:<br />World, Language and Me. With regards to Nazim Hikmet and his horizon structure,<br />we will see how the break in the perception of the prisoner from space is<br />visible in his poetry. This study will examine the traces of this rupture in<br />the structure of the poetry of Hikmet. How does its spatial descriptions differ<br />from others in the literature in which his poems are rooted? And how does he<br />reconcile this terminology of space with Marxist tendencies as a universal<br />human being? These are the questions we will try to answer. Next we will try to<br />draw the structure of horizon in the poetry of this poet.Nazim Hikmet (1901-1963), Turkish poet and a true believer of<br />Marxism, spent 12 years of his life in prison and nearly 20 years in exile, an<br />experience that profoundly changed his perception of space and influenced the horizon structure of<br />his literary work. As Michel Collot explains, horizon structure considers the<br />phenomenological idea of “existence-in the world” and seeks the life character<br />or subject matter in the literary work; the character as an existent which is<br />always placed (positioned) in a certain location, from where it evokes the<br />world. This method assumes that each statement is built from three components:<br />World, Language and Me. With regards to Nazim Hikmet and his horizon structure,<br />we will see how the break in the perception of the prisoner from space is<br />visible in his poetry. This study will examine the traces of this rupture in<br />the structure of the poetry of Hikmet. How does its spatial descriptions differ<br />from others in the literature in which his poems are rooted? And how does he<br />reconcile this terminology of space with Marxist tendencies as a universal<br />human being? These are the questions we will try to answer. Next we will try to<br />draw the structure of horizon in the poetry of this poet.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621Psychological Analysis of Death in Oscar and the Lady in PinkPsychological Analysis of Death in Oscar and the Lady in Pink1311445088810.22059/jor.2012.50888FAMahboobehFahimkalamMohammad RezaMohseniJournal Article20110608One of the largest and most mysterious events of life is death, which has continued to preoccupy the mind of man. In cotemporary literature, many authors are trying to escape death. But the approach of Eric Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French writer, given the large number of his works with this theme, seems to be specific. In his work, death does not have a horrible face. Through belief in God and the benefts of life, he tries to accept death as a reality of life. His outstanding work <em>Oscar and the lady in pink</em> is the story of a sick child who is on the brink of death, yet the writer, who is aware of the impact of imagination on the child’s psyche and the depth of human spirit, creates an imaginary world for him. Thus not only is death not ugly and horrendous but it becomes acceptable to the child. In this paper, we study the psychological aspects of this story, to find a response for this question: which elements are efficient in the acceptance of death? We shall study the characters using a psychological approach in ftheir encounter with death. By classifying people into two groups: those who “ accept the death” and those who<br />”escape of death”, Schmitt presents a notion of death as a reality palpable and comprehensible.One of the largest and most mysterious events of life is death, which has continued to preoccupy the mind of man. In cotemporary literature, many authors are trying to escape death. But the approach of Eric Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French writer, given the large number of his works with this theme, seems to be specific. In his work, death does not have a horrible face. Through belief in God and the benefts of life, he tries to accept death as a reality of life. His outstanding work <em>Oscar and the lady in pink</em> is the story of a sick child who is on the brink of death, yet the writer, who is aware of the impact of imagination on the child’s psyche and the depth of human spirit, creates an imaginary world for him. Thus not only is death not ugly and horrendous but it becomes acceptable to the child. In this paper, we study the psychological aspects of this story, to find a response for this question: which elements are efficient in the acceptance of death? We shall study the characters using a psychological approach in ftheir encounter with death. By classifying people into two groups: those who “ accept the death” and those who<br />”escape of death”, Schmitt presents a notion of death as a reality palpable and comprehensible.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621A Study of the Tendency Towards Popular Novels: the Case of Students of University of IsfahanA Study of the Tendency Towards Popular Novels: the Case of Students of University of Isfahan1451655088910.22059/jor.2012.50889FAMasodKianporZohreNajafiMinaKazemiJournal Article20130316Popular novels are among recent<br />phenomena in literary trends with a large number of audience and high sale<br />rates. This paper is an attempt to analyze the degree and reasons for<br />reading popular novels by students of University of Isfahan. We studied popular<br />novels in three different dimensions: appearance, content and literary qualities.<br />Variables such as gender, level of education, socio-economic status and field<br />of study are considered as possible independent variables that may influence<br />tendency towards popular novels. Research sample includes 301 cases who were<br />able to fill out our questionnaire from a total sample of 384 individuals. The<br />result of the study indicates that mean of tendency towards popular novels is<br />above the average (3/52).There is a meaningful but reverse relationship between<br />socio-economic status and tendency towards popular novels in the sense that the<br />higher the level of social-economic statue, the less tendency toward popular<br />novels. Likewise, there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between level<br />of education and tendency towards popular novels. However, with the other two<br />independent variables, namely, gender and field of study, we did not find any<br />meaningful relationship.Popular novels are among recent<br />phenomena in literary trends with a large number of audience and high sale<br />rates. This paper is an attempt to analyze the degree and reasons for<br />reading popular novels by students of University of Isfahan. We studied popular<br />novels in three different dimensions: appearance, content and literary qualities.<br />Variables such as gender, level of education, socio-economic status and field<br />of study are considered as possible independent variables that may influence<br />tendency towards popular novels. Research sample includes 301 cases who were<br />able to fill out our questionnaire from a total sample of 384 individuals. The<br />result of the study indicates that mean of tendency towards popular novels is<br />above the average (3/52).There is a meaningful but reverse relationship between<br />socio-economic status and tendency towards popular novels in the sense that the<br />higher the level of social-economic statue, the less tendency toward popular<br />novels. Likewise, there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between level<br />of education and tendency towards popular novels. However, with the other two<br />independent variables, namely, gender and field of study, we did not find any<br />meaningful relationship.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413117220120621"The Cloud in Pants": An Outstanding Example of Russian Futurist Poetry"The Cloud in Pants": An Outstanding Example of Russian Futurist Poetry1671775089010.22059/jor.2012.50890FAZahraMohammadiDepartment of Russian Language & Literature. University of Tehran0000-0002-3105-3346Journal Article20120229Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930) is one of the well known<br />poets of the 20th century and Russian futurism. Similar to Italy and other<br />European countries, futurism in Russia was the messenger of modernism and<br />revolution in the arts, society and politics. The futurist poets were trying to<br />give their message to the addressee. Mayakovski as a futurist poet was not<br />excluded from this rule. Among his works, the poem "The Cloud in<br />Pants," is known as one of the important futuristic works which conveys<br />the ideology of Mayakovsky and is studied<br />by famous literary reviewers. In this article the evolution of Mayakovsky's<br />point of view, during writing the poem "The Cloud in Pants" is<br />studied by surveying all four chapters of this poem. Furthermore, important<br />problems such as Love, social structure, art, religion and the necessity for change<br />and revolution in society which are of the main concerns of the poets in the<br />mentioned poem, is investigated. The aim of this article is to describe these<br />concerns, their origin and the reason for their representation in the "The<br />Cloud in Pants".Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930) is one of the well known<br />poets of the 20th century and Russian futurism. Similar to Italy and other<br />European countries, futurism in Russia was the messenger of modernism and<br />revolution in the arts, society and politics. The futurist poets were trying to<br />give their message to the addressee. Mayakovski as a futurist poet was not<br />excluded from this rule. Among his works, the poem "The Cloud in<br />Pants," is known as one of the important futuristic works which conveys<br />the ideology of Mayakovsky and is studied<br />by famous literary reviewers. In this article the evolution of Mayakovsky's<br />point of view, during writing the poem "The Cloud in Pants" is<br />studied by surveying all four chapters of this poem. Furthermore, important<br />problems such as Love, social structure, art, religion and the necessity for change<br />and revolution in society which are of the main concerns of the poets in the<br />mentioned poem, is investigated. The aim of this article is to describe these<br />concerns, their origin and the reason for their representation in the "The<br />Cloud in Pants".