دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
The Evolution of Latin American Detective Novel and the Role of Women in Them
تحولات رمانهای کارآگاهی آمریکای لاتین و نقش زنان در آن
5
23
50881
10.22059/jor.2012.50881
FA
آلیسیا
افخمی نصراله زاده
دانشکده مطالعات جهان، دکترای شرق شناسی
Journal Article
2012
12
16
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Duringthe past two decades<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />detective genrehas experiencedan unprecedented boomin LatinAmerica<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. Many of<br />the writers writing in this regard </span>have highlightedthe<br />roleof women indetectiveframes<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">.</span>This<br />paper examinesa series ofdetective novelstoexaminebroadlythe<br />evolutionofthe female figure incontemporarydetective<br />novelsofArgentina<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>Chileand<br />Mexico<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">. </span>Here,we show howthe<br />womandetectivestartsimitatingand<br />parodyingthe figure ofmaledetective<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>but<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, over<br />time, </span>come todevelop her own styleof<br />being and feeling<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, reaching </span>a defined personalitythatallows<br />us to report<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>in somecases<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">, </span>the<br />difficultsocialrealitythat<br />surrounds her.</span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در طول دو دهة گذشته، سبک پلیسی رونق بیسابقهای در آمریکای<br />لاتین تجربه کرده است، سبکی که در آن نویسندگان زن و مرد بسیاری دخالت داشتند، نویسندگانی<br />که در داستانهای پلیسیشان، به ویژه داستانهای کارآگاهی، به نقشآفرینی زنان<br />اهمیت چشمگیری دادند. این مقاله به بررسی یک رشته رمانهای پلیسی با هدف بررسی<br />جامعتری از تکامل شخصیت زن در رمانهای پلیسی معاصر در آرژانتین، شیلی و مکزیک میپردازد.<br />به همین منظور نشان میدهد چگونه کارآگاه زن شروع به تقلید و به طنز کشیدن شخصیت کارآگاه<br />مرد میکند و چگونه با گذشت زمان به توسعة سبک خاص وجودی و احساسی خود و کسب یک شخصیت<br />تعریف شده دست مییابد، شخصیتی که به او اجازه میدهد در بعضی موارد، واقعیات<br />اجتماعی سختی را که احاطهاش کردهاند، گزارش دهد.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
A Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Wandering Island and To the Lighthouse Under the Light of Feminism
گذر فمینیستی از جزیرة سرگردانی و به سوی فانوس دریایی
25
40
50882
10.22059/jor.2012.50882
FA
بهرام
بهین
دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان, دکترای زبان انگلیسی
0000-0002-2224-815X
معصومه
باقری
دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان, ;کارشناسی ارشد زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی
Journal Article
2012
10
15
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Feminism is a belief that women and men are equally<br />worthwhile creatures, but most communities define a degree of superiority for<br />the male group. In modern ages, some social movements have struggled to achieve<br />equality between women and men and restore women’s ignored rights.<br /> Presence of women themselves and their activities are significant and<br />require more scholarly studies. Women novelists have created memorable writings<br />through these movements. Born in 1882, Virginia Woolf’s great contribution to<br />feminism is indisputable and Simin Daneshvar’s writings and lectures, a source<br />of inspiration to many writers in Iran, reveal her inclinations towards<br />feminism. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Woolf’s<br />To the Lighthouse and Daneshvar’s The Wandering Island and The Wandering<br />Cameleer in the light of feminism. The approach of this paper is explanation<br />and clarification of feminists’ idea that women are first human beings, and are<br />independent creatures with different biologial, cultural and psychological<br />characteristics. Following close reading of the texts of the novels and<br />utilizing feminist views, the novels were compared and many similarities were<br />observed in them. Among many other issues, the focus of the paper is on female<br />characters of the novels, both traditional and modern, who have shared wishes,<br />fears, concerns, and sufferings. The patriarchy power applies similar<br />strategies to oppress women, although they are located in different regions of<br />the world.</span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بنابه دیدگاه گروههای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">فمینیستی،</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">ارزش<br />ذاتی زنان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مردان برابر است،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">اما</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">در</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بیشتر</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">جوامع،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">افراد</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">گروه</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مردان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">امتیاز</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">ویژهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">قائلاند</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;">.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br />بر این اساس در دورة مدرن حرکتهای اجتماعی شکل گرفته</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">اند تا<br />شعار برابری زنان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مردان را محقق سازند.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">حضور زنان در روند این حرکتهای<br />اجتماعی، در قالب عملکردها و رفتارهای مختلف حائز اهمیت است و بایسته است که در<br />گسترههای مختلف مورد مطالعه و بررسی بیشتر قرار گیرد.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">فعالیت<br />زنان رماننویس در جوامع مختلف جهان مدرن از تجلیات این حرکتهای اجتماعی بوده است<br />و حضور مؤثر ویرجینیا</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">وولف،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">رماننویس</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بریتانیایی،<br />از این بابت غیر</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">قابل</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">انکار</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">است و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">نوشتهها و</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">خطابههای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">سیمین</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دانشور<br />نیز به عنوان شخصیتی تأثیرگذار</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">رماننویسان</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">ایرانی،<br />نشان</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">تمایلات</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">فمینیستی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">او</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دارد.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">هدف</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">این<br />مقاله</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بررسی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">تطبیقی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">رمانِ</span><em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">به سوی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">فانوس</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دریایی </span></em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">نوشتة ویرجینیا</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">وولف،</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">جزیرة</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">سرگردانی</span></em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">جلد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دوم</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">آن</span><em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">ساربان</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">سرگردان</span></em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">نوشتة</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">سیمین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دانشور</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">از</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">منظر</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">فمینیسم</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">است</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;">.</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /><span lang="FA">خاستگاه این مقاله، نظریههای فمینیستیای است که مهمتر از هر موردی،<br />زن را موجودی مستقل از مرد و دارای ویژگیهای زیستشناسی، فرهنگی و ذهنی متفاوت از<br />مردان به حساب میآورند. در پی بررسی متن رمانها، با استفاده از نظریات منتقدان و<br />تطبیق آنها، شباهتهای</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">متعددی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">در</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مضامین</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">شخصیتهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">این رمانها دیده میشود</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;">. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">زنان، چه</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مدرن</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">چه سنتی،</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">آرزوها،</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">ترسها</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">و</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دردهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">مشترکی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">دارند و</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">نظام</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">پدرسالار<br />راهبردهای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">همسانی</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">را</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">برای</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">غلبه</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بر</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">زنان</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 99%;"><br /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">بهکار</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-font-width: 99%;">میگیرد.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
A Comparative-Intertextual Study of the Influence of Gabriel Garcia Marquez on Iranian Literature; the Reflection of One Hundred Years of Solitude in Mehta’s Balloon
بررسی تطبیقی- بینامتنی تأثیر گابریل گارسیا مارکز بر ادبیات داستانی فارسی با تأکید بر مقایسة دو اثر صدسال تنهایی و بالون مهتا
41
56
50883
10.22059/jor.2012.50883
FA
مریم
حق روستا
دانشکده زبان ها و ادبیات خارجی-دکترای ادبیات آمریکای لاتین
رامین
وحیدزاده
کارشناس ارشد مطالعات آمریکای لاتین، دانشکدة مطالعات جهان، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
Journal Article
2013
03
18
Gabriel García Márquez is one of the most outstanding cultural, political and social figures in Latin America. Apparently Iranian writers have been greatly influenced by him and we can perceive the reflection of his words, his style, or in general, his voice in the works of many Persians writers. In this research we have done an intertextual-comparative-study on the reflection of <em>One Hundred Years of Solitude</em> in <em>Mahta’s Balloon</em> written by Jafar Modares Sadeghi. In this study we have taken advantage of Gérard Genette’s theories of transtextuality by elaborating on intertextual and hypertext approaches. The transtextual relations between the two texts are shown and classified by studying the similarities and differences between the characters and events of these literary works.
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">گابریل</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">گارسیا</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">مارکز</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">از</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">چهرههای</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">فرهنگی،</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">سیاسی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">و</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">اجتماعی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">آمریکای</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">لاتین،</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">برندة</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">جایزة</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ادبی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نوبل</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">یکی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">از</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">تأثیرگذارترین</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نویسندگان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">رمان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نو</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">جهان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">با</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">کتاب</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">معروف</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">خود،</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <em><span lang="FA">صدسال</span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">تنهایی</span></em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">،</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">به</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">شمار</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">میرود</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">به</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نظر</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">میآید</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نویسندگان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ایران</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نیز</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">از</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">تأثیر</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">این</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">اثر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مستثنی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نبوده</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">به</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">گونهای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">که</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بازتاب</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">صدای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">وی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">را</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">میتوان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">آثار</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">آنها</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">آشکارا</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">شنید</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بررسی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">حاضر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">از</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">رویکرد</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تطبیقی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مبنای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">نظریة</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">ترامتنی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">ژنتی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">(با</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تأکید</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بینامتنی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بیشمتنی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">به</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">عنوان</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">روشی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">برای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تطبیق</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">دو</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">متن)</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">برای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">شناخت</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تأثیر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بازتاب</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">صدای</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <em><span lang="FA">صدسال</span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تنهایی</span></span></em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مارکز</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">در</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">کتاب</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <em><span lang="FA">بالون</span></em></span><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مهتا</span></span></em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">نوشتة</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">جعفر</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مدرس</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">صادقی</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بهرهمند</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">خواهد</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">شـد</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA" style="color: black;">ارتباطهای</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">ترامتنی</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بین</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">این</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">دو</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">اثر،</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">با</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">توجه</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">به</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">تفاوتها</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">شباهتهای</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">موجود</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">در</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">میان</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">شخصیتها</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">رخدادها</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">مورد</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">بررسی</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">قرار</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">خواهند</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" style="color: black; font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">گرفت.</span></span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
Evaluating the Need for a New Translation of Hafiz in German
بررسی لزوم برگردان دوباره دیوان حافظ به زبان آلمانی
57
75
50884
10.22059/jor.2012.50884
FA
حسین
سرکار حسن خان
دانشکده زبانها و ادبیات خارجی، دانشجوی دکتری زبان آلمانی
Journal Article
2013
03
02
Hafez is considered to be one of the most well-known Iranian<br />poets in German culture. Although there are many translations of his <em>Divan</em><br />(Anthology and complete translation of Poems), the question is do we need a new<br />translation? Hafiz was obliged to compress all his knowledge in words, which is<br />why his poetry is so enigmatic. Reading his poetry is like entering a labyrinth<br />from where it is difficult to exit. Although knowing a language is mandatory<br />for translation, it is not enough to arrive at a complete one. This paper studies<br />the various translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan</em> to decide which one covers both the poetical and aesthetical aspects of<br />his poetry, and moreover introduce the best available translation(s) to German<br />readers. The study arrives at the conclusion that we still need better<br />translations of Hafez’s <em>Divan.</em>
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">شاید بتوان حافظ را شناختهترین سرایندة ایرانی در فرهنگ آلمانی<br />دانست. با بودن برگردانهای گوناگون و بسیار از دیوان او به زبان آلمانی، از جمله<br />ترجمههای روکرت (کرینبورگ 1929)، پورگشتال، روزنتسوایگ، وللبن و دیگران، هنوز<br />این پرسش بجاست که آیا برگردان دوبارة آن بایسته است. تنگناهای آیینی و و واهمه از<br />فرمانروایی خونریز، هنرمند را در چنبرة خود گرفتار کرده بود و او را پروانة بالندگی<br />در موسیقی و هنرهای تجسمی یا نمایشی نمیداد، از این رو هنرمند هرچه را داشت در<br />قالب کلام میریخت؛ اینهمه رازآلودگی در شعر حافظ از این روی است. شعر حافظ<br />هزارتویی را میماند که درآمدن از آن را «تعبیة هزار شعبده» میباید. آشنایی با<br />زبان گرچه مهمترین پایه برای ترجمة هر متنی است، اما بسنده برای برپا کردن بنای<br />ترجمه نیست. جستار پیش رو در پی آن است که از سویی با سنجش برگردانهایی از دیوان<br />او راهی برای ترجمة شعر حافظ بیابد، ترجمهای که هم عناصر شعری و زیباییشناختی را<br />به دیده بگیرد و هم گفتة شاعر را تا آنجا که شدنی است بیکموکاست فراروی خوانندة<br />آلمانی بگذارد و از دیگرسو انگیزة دوم از پیشکشیدن این گفتار، نشان دادن لزوم<br />برگردان دوبارة دیوان است.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
Dialogism and Polyphony in Simin Daneshvar's Wandering Island
گفتوگومداری و چندصدایی در رمان جزیرة سرگردانی اثر سیمین دانشور
77
91
50885
10.22059/jor.2012.50885
FA
ابراهیم
سلیمی کوچی
دانشگاه اصفهان-دکتری تخصصی
فاطمه
سکوت جهرمی
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان
Journal Article
2013
01
15
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Mikhail Bakhtin presented "dialogism" and<br />"polyphony" as remarkable components of modern literary novels. Since<br />then, many literary critics including Kristeva and Genette began to expand, and<br />offer a variety of presentations and configurations of these notions. Today, we<br />can consider "intertextuality" as a common ground between the<br />different interpretations of the theories of Bakhtine, Kristeva and Genette.<br />Also, we can represent an inherent and holistic explanation of the concepts of<br />"dialogism" and "polyphony" in a literary text</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />In contemporary Persian literature, the works of Simin Daneshvar is envisaged<br />among the few literary creations that contain dialogism and its corollaries</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"><br />Hence, in this paper, first, we aim to offer a detailed explanation of what<br />dialogism is, and second, we will try to show how we can consider Daneshvar's <em>Wandering<br />Island</em> as a dialogic literary text.</span>
میخاییل باختین در پارهای از انگارههای<br />نظری خود در باب متن ادبی، «گفتوگومداری»<br />را به مثابة «همکنشی متون»، مهمترین ویژگی متن دانست و «چند صدایی» گفتمان را به<br />عنوان مؤلفهای نوین در رمان مطرح کرد.<br />از آن پس، بسیاری از اندیشمندان و نظریهپردازان مطالعات ادبی و فرهنگی، نظیر ژنت<br />و کریستوا به گسترش و تقریر این مبحث پرداختند و صورتبندیهای مختلف و گاه پیچیدهای<br />از آن ارایه کردند. به هر روی، امروز میتوان بعد «بینامتنی» را فصل مشترک پایداری<br />میان تعابیر و تفاسیر متفاوت از گفتوگومداری باختین، بینامتنی کریستوا و ترامتنی<br />ژنت به حساب آورد و با تکیه بر این نظرات، تبیینی جامعنگر از مفاهیم «گفتوگومداری»<br />و «چندصدایی» در یک متن ادبی ارایه داد. اگر در صدد کاربست نظریة گفتوگومداری<br />باختینی در آثار ادبی معاصر ایران باشیم، آثار سیمین دانشور از معدود آفرینشهای<br />ادبیات داستانی معاصر ایران است که با پاسداشت گفتوگومداری و مصادیق و مدلولات<br />آن، نظیر مناسبات بینامتنی و اشارات و ارجاعات چشمگیر، خصلت چندصدایی دارند. از این<br />رو، ما در این نوشتار دو هدف کارکردی عمده را مطمح نظر قرار میدهیم. نخست؛ به ارایة<br />تبیینی مبسوط و تا حد ممکن جامع از آنچه که خصلت گفتوگومدار و چند صدایی یک متن<br />ادبی نامیده میشود، میپردازیم و دوم؛ در پی پاسخ به این پرسش برمیآییم که با تکیه<br />بر چه مصادیق و مؤلفههایی میتوان رمان <em>جزیرة سرگردانی</em> اثر سیمین<br />دانشور را واجد خصلت چندصدایی و گفتوگومداری دانست؟
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
Italian Immigration Literature; the Reflection of Women's New World
«ادبیات مهاجرت» ایتالیا، بازتاب دنیای نوین زنان
93
110
50886
10.22059/jor.2012.50886
FA
مه زاد
شیخ الاسلامی
دانشگاه تهران
Journal Article
2013
02
20
"Literature of migration" has<br />emerged in the last decades in Italy through a diverse range of migrant writers<br />who were passionate to establish a connection with their host society and<br />receive recognition in the respective context. This literature is consolidated by<br />its own narration from faraway lands, immigration related dissonances and<br />discords, and duality of self; devoting to introduce the reconstructed and<br />retrieved identities of these immigrants. This research will focus on four<br />works by famous women writers and the selection criteria of these works was<br />based on their preoccupation with the phenomenon of pregnancy and motherhood.<br />In addition to the representation of autobiographic significances, the study<br />will emphasize the instrumental role of literature in portraying the phenomena<br />and social changes, and reveal new images portrayed about the future and their<br />surroundings in the heroines' mind. As to mention some of the core issues in<br />this study, we can refer to subjects like the reactions of female protagonists<br />in undesirable situations as unwanted pregnancy, their conscious or unconscious<br />efforts to regain their own rights and the acquisition of a favorable position.<br />As it was expectd, the feminine-oriented<br />thoughts of the selected writers, undoubtedly, originates the anti chauvinism<br />notions in the mind of the protagonists of the mentioned works who are more<br />responsible and skilful than men, and who try to overthrow the inhuman<br />tradition of male supremacy. They are aware of male dominance that has<br />oppressed them for centuries, and <br />struggle to obtain a more pivotal role in the context of their own<br />existence.
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">«ادبیات مهاجرت» ایتالیا در واپسین دهة سدة گذشته از سوی طیف<br />گوناگونی از نویسندگان مهاجر به این کشور که سودای برقراری ارتباط با جامعة میزبان<br />و اثبات وجود خویش را در بطن آن در سر میپروراندند، پایهگذاری شد. این ادبیات با<br />روایت از دنیاهای دور، ناهمسانیها و ناسازگاریهای ناشی از هجرت و دوپارگی وجودی که<br />مهاجران با آن دست به گریبانند، قوام یافته؛ و تا اکنون به معرفی هویتهای بازیافته<br />و بازساختة این کوچنشینان قلم به دست، همت گمارده است. در این جستار به بررسی<br />چهار اثر از نویسندگان نامی زن مهاجر پرداخته شده است. ملاک گزینش این آثار، پرداختن<br />به پدیدة بارداری و مادر شدن بوده است. با تحلیل آثار منتخب، افزون بر بازنمایاندن<br />نشانههای اتوبیوگرافی موجود در آثار، با هدف تأکید بر نقش ابزاری ادبیات در به<br />تصویر کشیدن پدیدهها و تحولات اجتماعی و در نهایت پردهبرداری از تصویر نوینی که<br />قهرمانان زن از دنیای پیرامون و آینده در ذهن پروراندهاند، برخی عوامل مؤثر بر این<br />پدیدهها مورد کاوش قرار گرفته است. واکنش قهرمانان زن در شرایط نامطلوبی، همچون<br />بارداری ناخواسته، تلاش خودآگاه یا ناخودآگاه آنان در جهت احقاق حقوق خویش و دستیابی<br />به جایگاهی درخور، از جمله این عوامل اند. همچنین در ادامه مشاهـده میشود، چگونه<br />افکار زن محور نویسندگان این آثار، به ظهور اندیشههای مردستیز</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">در قهـرمانان زن میانجامد. زنانی که از قدرت مسئولیتپذیری و<br />تدبیر بیشتری نسبت به مردان بهرهمندند و آگاه از سلطة مردانهای که قرنها به<br />آنان روا داشته شده در پی برانداختن سنت غیر انسانی برتری جویی مردان برآمده و برای<br />احراز نقشی محوری در عرصة وجودی خویش میکوشند.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
The Structure of Horizon in the Poems of Nazim Hikmet: Obsession with Location
ساختار افق در اشعار ناظم حکمت: دغدغة مکانمندی
111
129
50887
10.22059/jor.2012.50887
FA
علی
عباسی
هیات علمی داشگاه شهید بهشتی
منیره
اکبرپورانخیاطی
شهید بشهتی، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشجو دکتری ادبیات فرانسه
Journal Article
2013
06
01
Nazim Hikmet (1901-1963), Turkish poet and a true believer of<br />Marxism, spent 12 years of his life in prison and nearly 20 years in exile, an<br />experience that profoundly changed his perception of space and influenced the horizon structure of<br />his literary work. As Michel Collot explains, horizon structure considers the<br />phenomenological idea of “existence-in the world” and seeks the life character<br />or subject matter in the literary work; the character as an existent which is<br />always placed (positioned) in a certain location, from where it evokes the<br />world. This method assumes that each statement is built from three components:<br />World, Language and Me. With regards to Nazim Hikmet and his horizon structure,<br />we will see how the break in the perception of the prisoner from space is<br />visible in his poetry. This study will examine the traces of this rupture in<br />the structure of the poetry of Hikmet. How does its spatial descriptions differ<br />from others in the literature in which his poems are rooted? And how does he<br />reconcile this terminology of space with Marxist tendencies as a universal<br />human being? These are the questions we will try to answer. Next we will try to<br />draw the structure of horizon in the poetry of this poet.
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ناظم حکمت، شاعر ترک و یکی از کسانی بود که تحت تأثیر مارکسیسم<br />قرار داشتند، او 12 سال از عمرش را در زندان و نزدیک به 20 سال را در تبعید بهسر<br />برد. تجربهای که برداشت او را از مکان به شدت تغیر داد و بر ساختار افق آثارش نیز<br />تأثیر گذاشت. ساختار افق، چنان که </span><span class="errobj"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">کولو</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> تبیین میکند، به مفهوم </span><span class="errobj"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">پدیدارشناسان</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ة «در جهان بودن» نظر دارد و در اثر<br />ادبی به دنبال تجربة زیستة نهاد یا سوژه است، نهاد به عنوان موجودی که همواره در<br />مکانی قرار دارد و از آنجاست که دنیا را احضار میکند. این روش با این فرض آغاز بهکار<br />میکند که هر گفتهای بر اساس سه عنصر شکل یافتهاست: جهان، زبان و من. دربارة<br />ناظم حکمت و ساختار افق او، خواهیم دید چه طور گسست در دریافت زندانی از مکان در<br />شعر او دیده میشود. این مقاله قصد دارد ردپای این گسست در ساختار افق را در بوطیقای<br />زمان و مکان شعر حکمت بررسی کند. چگونه توصیفهای او از مکان، او را از دیگر<br />شاعران همعصرش در ادبیاتی که به آن تعلق داشت، متمایز میکند؟ چگونه او این تمایلات<br />جهان وطنیاش را با دغدغة </span><span class="errobj"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">مکانمندیش </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">آشتی میدهد؟ چگونه یک شاعر مادهگرا با<br />معنویت افق مواجه میشود؟ اینها سؤالاتی است که این مقاله از طریق تحلیل ساختار<br />افق شعر حکمت سعی در پاسخ دادن به آنها دارد.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
Psychological Analysis of Death in Oscar and the Lady in Pink
تحلیل روانشناختی مرگ در اسکار و خانم رز
131
144
50888
10.22059/jor.2012.50888
FA
محبوبه
فهیم کلام
دکترای زبان و ادبیات فرانسه- دانشگاه آزاد اراک
محمدرضا
محسنی
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک
Journal Article
2011
06
08
One of the largest and most mysterious events of life is death, which has continued to preoccupy the mind of man. In cotemporary literature, many authors are trying to escape death. But the approach of Eric Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French writer, given the large number of his works with this theme, seems to be specific. In his work, death does not have a horrible face. Through belief in God and the benefts of life, he tries to accept death as a reality of life. His outstanding work <em>Oscar and the lady in pink</em> is the story of a sick child who is on the brink of death, yet the writer, who is aware of the impact of imagination on the child’s psyche and the depth of human spirit, creates an imaginary world for him. Thus not only is death not ugly and horrendous but it becomes acceptable to the child. In this paper, we study the psychological aspects of this story, to find a response for this question: which elements are efficient in the acceptance of death? We shall study the characters using a psychological approach in ftheir encounter with death. By classifying people into two groups: those who “ accept the death” and those who<br />”escape of death”, Schmitt presents a notion of death as a reality palpable and comprehensible.
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">مرگ، یکی از رازناک</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ترین و بزرگترین رویدادهای زندگی است. بنمایة<br />بسیاری از آثار ادبی نویسندگان جهان بر مرگگریزی نهاده شده است. اما اریک امانوئل<br />اشمیت (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> نویسنــدة معاصر فرانسوی، نه تنها با نفرت به مرگ نمی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">نگرد، که با نگرشی واقعگرایانه، میکوشد<br />تا با کاربست عناصر معنوی مرگ، را به عنوان پدیداری متعارف از جهان هستی معرفی<br />کند. <em>اسکار و خانم رز </em>(</span><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">Oscar et la dame rose</span></em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> اثر برجستة داستانی او، روایت کودک<br />بیماری است که در آستانة مرگ است، ولی نویسنده با تسلط بر روان کودکانة او ، دنیایی<br />خیالانگیز برای او میآفریند. از اینروست کـه دیگر مرگ نه چهرهای کریه که رخساری<br />وسوسهانگیز دارد. در این جستـار سعی میشود به تحلیل روانشناختی مرگ در این اثر<br />داستانی پرداخته شود تا بتوان برای پرسش زیر پاسخ مناسبی یافت: در این اثر، چه<br />عواملی در پذیرش مرگ به عنوان واقعیتی انکارناپذیر مؤثرند؟ همچنین، با بررسی رویکردهای<br />روانی شخصیتهای داستان، نشان خواهیم داد که اشمیت با دستهبندی افراد به «مرگگریز»<br />و «مرگپذیر»، این مفهوم را که در فراسوی نمودهای عینی جای دارد، به عنوان پدیداری<br />ملموس و قابل درک به مخاطب معرفی مینمایاند.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
A Study of the Tendency Towards Popular Novels: the Case of Students of University of Isfahan
بررسی میزان و علل گرایش به رمان عامهپسند (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان)
145
165
50889
10.22059/jor.2012.50889
FA
مسعود
کیانپور
استادیار جامعهشناسی دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران
زهره
نجفی
استادیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران
مینا
کاظمی
دانشگاه اصفهان دانشجوی ارشد ادبیات
Journal Article
2013
03
16
Popular novels are among recent<br />phenomena in literary trends with a large number of audience and high sale<br />rates. This paper is an attempt to analyze the degree and reasons for<br />reading popular novels by students of University of Isfahan. We studied popular<br />novels in three different dimensions: appearance, content and literary qualities.<br />Variables such as gender, level of education, socio-economic status and field<br />of study are considered as possible independent variables that may influence<br />tendency towards popular novels. Research sample includes 301 cases who were<br />able to fill out our questionnaire from a total sample of 384 individuals. The<br />result of the study indicates that mean of tendency towards popular novels is<br />above the average (3/52).There is a meaningful but reverse relationship between<br />socio-economic status and tendency towards popular novels in the sense that the<br />higher the level of social-economic statue, the less tendency toward popular<br />novels. Likewise, there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between level<br />of education and tendency towards popular novels. However, with the other two<br />independent variables, namely, gender and field of study, we did not find any<br />meaningful relationship.
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">رمانهای عامهپسند از پدیدههای پرمخاطب دهة اخیر در جریان ادبی<br />معاصر است که به فروش بالایی دست یافتهاند.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">مسئلة مورد بررسی در این مقاله، میزان<br />و انگیزههای گرایش به این رمانها در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان بود که در<br />سه سطح ویژگی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">های ظاهری، ادبی و محتوایی بررسی شد. بدین منظور، عواملی چون<br />جنس، رشته، مقطع و پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی برگزیده شدند تا ارتباط آنها با میزان<br />علاقه به رمان عامه پسند بررسی شود. تحقیق حاضر از نوع پیمایشی و با استفاده از<br />پرسشنامه محقق ساخت انجام گرفت. نمونة تحقیق از طریق نمونهگیریتصادفی 384 نفر برآورد شد که با حذف پرسشنامههای<br />مخدوش، در نهایت 301 پرسشنامه واکاوی شد. دادههای به دست آمده با نرمافزار </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';">SPSS</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span lang="FA">و<br />روش</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic';"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">های آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان میدهد میزان<br />مطالعة رمان در جامعة آماری ضعیف است (بیش از 57 درصد هیچگاه رمان نمیخوانند و یا<br />به ندرت میخوانند). میانگین گرایش به رمان عامهپسند 52/3 است که متوسط رو به بالا<br />محسوب میشود. از بین فرضیههای تحقیق، ارتباط معنادار و معکوسی بین میزان گرایش<br />به رمان عامهپسند و پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی بهدست آمد. دیگر فرضیة تحقیق، یعنی<br />وجود ارتباط معنادار میان مقطع تحصیلی و گرایش به رمان عامهپسند نیز تأیید شد.<br />اما ارتباط میان جنسیت مخاطبان و نیز رشتة تحصیلی با گرایش به رمان عامهپسند، دو<br />فرضیة دیگر تحقیق بودند که مورد تأیید قرار نگرفتند.</span>
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان
2588-4131
17
2
2012
06
21
"The Cloud in Pants": An Outstanding Example of Russian Futurist Poetry
بررسی و تحلیل «ابر شلوارپوش» مایاکوفسکی به عنوان بارزترین نمونه شعر فوتوریستی روسیه
167
177
50890
10.22059/jor.2012.50890
FA
زهرا
محمدی
دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده زبانها و ادبیات خارجی، دکترای ادبیات روسی
0000-0002-3105-3346
Journal Article
2012
02
29
Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930) is one of the well known<br />poets of the 20th century and Russian futurism. Similar to Italy and other<br />European countries, futurism in Russia was the messenger of modernism and<br />revolution in the arts, society and politics. The futurist poets were trying to<br />give their message to the addressee. Mayakovski as a futurist poet was not<br />excluded from this rule. Among his works, the poem "The Cloud in<br />Pants," is known as one of the important futuristic works which conveys<br />the ideology of Mayakovsky and is studied<br />by famous literary reviewers. In this article the evolution of Mayakovsky's<br />point of view, during writing the poem "The Cloud in Pants" is<br />studied by surveying all four chapters of this poem. Furthermore, important<br />problems such as Love, social structure, art, religion and the necessity for change<br />and revolution in society which are of the main concerns of the poets in the<br />mentioned poem, is investigated. The aim of this article is to describe these<br />concerns, their origin and the reason for their representation in the "The<br />Cloud in Pants".
<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes;">ولادیمیر مایاکوفسکی (1930-1893) از شاعران بنام قرن بیستم و<br />مکتب فوتوریسم روسی است. در میان آثار وی، منظومة «ابر شلوارپوش» به عنوان یکی از<br />مهمترین آثار فوتوریستی و برنامة زندگی شاعر شناخته شده و مورد توجه و بررسی<br />منتقدان بزرگ ادبی قرار گرفتهاست. در این مقاله سعی شده تا با رویکرد تحلیل<br />محتوا، هر یک از چهار بخش منظومه «ابر شلوارپوش» و روند دگرگونی دیدگاه مایاکوفسکی<br />به هنگام نگارش منظومه بررسی و تحلیل شود. مواردی که مقالة حاضر به آنها خواهد<br />پرداخت، به مسلخ کشیدن عشق مرسوم و شکستن کلیشههای موجود دربارة عشق در فصل<br />نخست، بیان دوگانگی و تضاد شاعر با دنیای پیرامون در فصل دوم، برائت جستن از<br />ساختارهای اجتماعی و مذهبی موجود و ارائة تصویر هنر ناب و آرمانی در فصل سوم<br />منظومه و فراخواندن به انقلاب و تبیین ضرورت آن در فصل چهارم «ابر شلوارپوش» است.<br />بخشهایی از منظومه که بیانگر هر یک از این دیدگاههایند، در متن مقاله ارائه شده<br />است. هدف مقاله، تحلیل محتوای بخشهای مهم منظومه و تبیین و تفسیر این دیدگاههای<br />شاعر، خاستگاه آنها و دلایل مطرح نمودن آنها در منظومة «ابر شلوارپوش» است.</span>