University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Depoeticization of Poetry: A Study of Gertrude Stein’s Poetry in the Light of Maurice Blanchot’s ThoughtDepoeticization of Poetry: A Study of Gertrude Stein’s Poetry in the Light of Maurice Blanchot’s Thought5287762610.22059/jor.2017.224785.1490FANargesMontakhabi BakhtvarDepartment of English Language and Literature, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170111This essay scrutinizes the poetry of avant-garde American writer, Gertrude Stein. Stein’s conception of poetry differs radically from traditions, particularly, Romanticism. She views poetry as a disembodied voice that speaks of experience of language. There is no connection between the poet and the reader; poetry only weaves words together from and to language. To clarify Stein’s poetics in <em>Stanzas in Meditation</em>, this essay utilizes the thought of contemporary French poststructuralist, Maurice Blanchot, with respect to language, ontology, and death. Stein’s poetry is discussed through three Blanchotian concepts: “naming,” “interruption,” and “remembrance.” Stein sees poetry as naming, in which names become nameless. The language that repeatedly names cannot refer to any idea, person, or situation. So poetry experiences “interruption,” the moment of facing the alien, defamiliarizing “other.” Depoeticization means purging poetry from referring to dominant reality; an untouched poetry that detests readers’ interpretations. The poet does not have any place in this neutral space, because it belongs to language, sounds, repetitions, silences, and words that display their matter on the page.This essay scrutinizes the poetry of avant-garde American writer, Gertrude Stein. Stein’s conception of poetry differs radically from traditions, particularly, Romanticism. She views poetry as a disembodied voice that speaks of experience of language. There is no connection between the poet and the reader; poetry only weaves words together from and to language. To clarify Stein’s poetics in <em>Stanzas in Meditation</em>, this essay utilizes the thought of contemporary French poststructuralist, Maurice Blanchot, with respect to language, ontology, and death. Stein’s poetry is discussed through three Blanchotian concepts: “naming,” “interruption,” and “remembrance.” Stein sees poetry as naming, in which names become nameless. The language that repeatedly names cannot refer to any idea, person, or situation. So poetry experiences “interruption,” the moment of facing the alien, defamiliarizing “other.” Depoeticization means purging poetry from referring to dominant reality; an untouched poetry that detests readers’ interpretations. The poet does not have any place in this neutral space, because it belongs to language, sounds, repetitions, silences, and words that display their matter on the page.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Comparative Analysis of Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry and Nietzschean NihilismComparative Analysis of Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry and Nietzschean Nihilism29607762710.22059/jor.2018.228382.1503FAKhodabakhshAsadollahiProfessor of Persian Language and Literature, Mohaghegh Ardabili Universityhttps://orcid.org/00ChimanFathimohaghegh ardabili universityJournal Article20170801Friedrich Nietzsche saw contemporary culture as facing the crisis of nihilism because of the dominance of Socratic conceptual thinking. After announcing the death of Platonic rationalist values, he first divided nihilism into two basic passive and active forms, and then the path of the creation of the superman and the universal recognition of life as a passage through passive nihilism to active, which, in his philosophy, is almost equivalent to the stages of metamorphosis of souls: camel, lion and child. Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, on the one hand, reflects his philosophical feelings or sorrows, and on the other hand, has characteristics such as: reflecting the value and status of human emotional and sensory life, free thinking and fighting with common perception methods, realism, belief in dynamism and immortality. And having a transformational course for the full acceptance of life shows his confrontation with this nihilistic worldview and his triumphant transition from a kind of passive to active nihilism. The purpose of this research is to search for the connections between Nietzsche's incomprehensible and poetic philosophy through nihilism and Forough's particular worldview through the evolution of his thought and poetry. The research method is qualitative and the dominant approach to analysis is the philosophical critique approach of non-conceptual philosophy and sometimes the descriptive approach based on the poetic propositions of the two.Friedrich Nietzsche saw contemporary culture as facing the crisis of nihilism because of the dominance of Socratic conceptual thinking. After announcing the death of Platonic rationalist values, he first divided nihilism into two basic passive and active forms, and then the path of the creation of the superman and the universal recognition of life as a passage through passive nihilism to active, which, in his philosophy, is almost equivalent to the stages of metamorphosis of souls: camel, lion and child. Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, on the one hand, reflects his philosophical feelings or sorrows, and on the other hand, has characteristics such as: reflecting the value and status of human emotional and sensory life, free thinking and fighting with common perception methods, realism, belief in dynamism and immortality. And having a transformational course for the full acceptance of life shows his confrontation with this nihilistic worldview and his triumphant transition from a kind of passive to active nihilism. The purpose of this research is to search for the connections between Nietzsche's incomprehensible and poetic philosophy through nihilism and Forough's particular worldview through the evolution of his thought and poetry. The research method is qualitative and the dominant approach to analysis is the philosophical critique approach of non-conceptual philosophy and sometimes the descriptive approach based on the poetic propositions of the two.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Epistolary Works by Eric Emmanuel Schmitt; Narrative Therapy Function and Theism InductionEpistolary Works by Eric Emmanuel Schmitt; Narrative Therapy Function and Theism Induction61767762810.22059/jor.2017.230588.1513FAFaezehTaheriPhD. Student, Science & Reseach Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R.IranMahboobehFahimkalamAssistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Arak, I.R.IranJournal Article20170409New approaches to narratology, which are mostly connected to the western structuralism, arguably suggest that different parts of a literary work on the whole actively make a dialectical relation. This relationship, therefore, expands the narrative research domain and brings into play other field of humanities like psychology. Narrative therapy is one of the contemporary schools of psychology and one of the divisions of the widespread movement called 'changing paradigm' in social sciences and humanities. This article is to evaluate the function of letter-writing as a form of narrative in Eric Emmanuel Schmitt' works by drawing upon its theoretical foundations and significance. The authors also look at the function of letter-writing in the form of narrative as a treatment to anxiety, loneliness and frustration of the main characters in Schmitt' works; those who reach theism and belief deep down of themselves by the virtue of writing letters.New approaches to narratology, which are mostly connected to the western structuralism, arguably suggest that different parts of a literary work on the whole actively make a dialectical relation. This relationship, therefore, expands the narrative research domain and brings into play other field of humanities like psychology. Narrative therapy is one of the contemporary schools of psychology and one of the divisions of the widespread movement called 'changing paradigm' in social sciences and humanities. This article is to evaluate the function of letter-writing as a form of narrative in Eric Emmanuel Schmitt' works by drawing upon its theoretical foundations and significance. The authors also look at the function of letter-writing in the form of narrative as a treatment to anxiety, loneliness and frustration of the main characters in Schmitt' works; those who reach theism and belief deep down of themselves by the virtue of writing letters.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Comparative Analysis of Mourners of Bayal by Saedi and Blindness by
Saramago in Terms of Symbolism"Comparative Analysis of Mourners of Bayal by Saedi and Blindness by
Saramago in Terms of Symbolism"771007762910.22059/jor.2018.244990.1596FAShirzadTayefiAssociate professor of Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2773-3074AmenehErfanifardPhD student of Persian language and literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20171102Schools rise up in Special social and political Conditions and reach perfection. Many writers are accordingly impressed by the ruling schools in explaining their ideas and thoughts. Genius writers select an especial style to analyse social, cultural, political, etc. issues within a school; therefore, understanding the schools of thought and personal styles of writers have a significant role in understanding the goals expressed in their works. Also, this critical attitude toward literary works provides a good opportunity to get to the nature of literature correctly and to discover their inner truths. In this research, we have studied elements of symbolism and the method of their use in the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi and Jose Saramago by using documentary and library studies and relying on comparative analysis and description. We have established that the literary school could build bases of excellence oriented thoughts and an open atmosphere for thought in the society. The influence of the literary school in these works is such that if its techniques were not used to express latent ideas, perhaps such great and valuable works were not createdSchools rise up in Special social and political Conditions and reach perfection. Many writers are accordingly impressed by the ruling schools in explaining their ideas and thoughts. Genius writers select an especial style to analyse social, cultural, political, etc. issues within a school; therefore, understanding the schools of thought and personal styles of writers have a significant role in understanding the goals expressed in their works. Also, this critical attitude toward literary works provides a good opportunity to get to the nature of literature correctly and to discover their inner truths. In this research, we have studied elements of symbolism and the method of their use in the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi and Jose Saramago by using documentary and library studies and relying on comparative analysis and description. We have established that the literary school could build bases of excellence oriented thoughts and an open atmosphere for thought in the society. The influence of the literary school in these works is such that if its techniques were not used to express latent ideas, perhaps such great and valuable works were not createdUniversity of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822A Study of the Effect of Change of Genre in the Direction of the Audience's Expectation Horizon as One of the Creative Symptoms of Misprision in Two Novels: The Sound and the Fury and Symphony of the DeadA Study of the Effect of Change of Genre in the Direction of the Audience's Expectation Horizon as One of the Creative Symptoms of Misprision in Two Novels: The Sound and the Fury and Symphony of the Dead1011247763010.22059/jor.2018.246630.1612FASoniaNoooriPh.D. student in Persian Language and Literature, University of ArakForooghSahbaA faculty member of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of ArakJournal Article20171125One of the theories presented on the influence of literary works is Bloom's theory of Misreading in which a kind of pugnacious dialectic, in an Oedipus way, between the former and the latter have been taken into consideration. The effort of the early author to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced could be defined as a creative misreading. According to Bloom, due to the fact that reading the works of the former author has opened a certain horizon for readers, changing this horizon could be an example of a creative misreading. Changing this horizon could be performed in a variety of methods. This paper is intended to study the changes which Abbas Maroufi, the author of the <em>Symphony of the Dead</em>, have made in the genre of his work to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced by the <em>Sound and the Fury</em> by William Faulkner. He has, therefore, created a kind of creative misreading out of his former celebrated author. One of the theories presented on the influence of literary works is Bloom's theory of Misreading in which a kind of pugnacious dialectic, in an Oedipus way, between the former and the latter have been taken into consideration. The effort of the early author to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced could be defined as a creative misreading. According to Bloom, due to the fact that reading the works of the former author has opened a certain horizon for readers, changing this horizon could be an example of a creative misreading. Changing this horizon could be performed in a variety of methods. This paper is intended to study the changes which Abbas Maroufi, the author of the <em>Symphony of the Dead</em>, have made in the genre of his work to get rid of the anxiety of being influenced by the <em>Sound and the Fury</em> by William Faulkner. He has, therefore, created a kind of creative misreading out of his former celebrated author. University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Postmodern Narrative in Two Iranian MoviesPostmodern Narrative in Two Iranian Movies1251587763110.22059/jor.2018.251807.1644FAMostafaDashti AhangarDepartment of Persian Language and Literature/Faculty of Literature and Human Sience/ Velayat University/ Iranshahr, IranSHirinAzarafrazM.A/Department of Persian Language and Literature/Faculty of Literature and Human Sience/ Velayat University/ IranshahrJournal Article20180204Today, in some cases, the cinematic narratives are more popular than fictional narratives, so researchers can explore cultural situation of society by analysing movies. Postmodern narratives are a subdivision of fictional narratives that emerged in 1960s in the Western Literature, and shortly after that, cinematic narratives spread. In Iran, while the postmodern situation has become a problematic issue for fictional literature, it seems that this phenomenon is increasingly expanding in cinema. As too many worthy movies by postmodernist techniques are being produced in Iran, the researchers want to find whether these movies can be considered inherently as postmodern narratives or mere imitations of postmodern techniques, and how it is possible that these postmodernist movies have audience while there is a conflict between tradition and modernity in the Iranian society. This research analyses postmodern approaches and techniques in two Iranian movies.Today, in some cases, the cinematic narratives are more popular than fictional narratives, so researchers can explore cultural situation of society by analysing movies. Postmodern narratives are a subdivision of fictional narratives that emerged in 1960s in the Western Literature, and shortly after that, cinematic narratives spread. In Iran, while the postmodern situation has become a problematic issue for fictional literature, it seems that this phenomenon is increasingly expanding in cinema. As too many worthy movies by postmodernist techniques are being produced in Iran, the researchers want to find whether these movies can be considered inherently as postmodern narratives or mere imitations of postmodern techniques, and how it is possible that these postmodernist movies have audience while there is a conflict between tradition and modernity in the Iranian society. This research analyses postmodern approaches and techniques in two Iranian movies.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Translation: A Kind of Adaptation
(A Case study: Burton’s Movie Adaptation of Alice in Wonderland Novel)Translation: A Kind of Adaptation
(A Case study: Burton’s Movie Adaptation of Alice in Wonderland Novel)1591827763210.22059/jor.2018.252417.1650FAFatemeZandInstructor, Translation Studies, Narjes University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, IranAfsanehHasanzadeh DastjerdiAssistant Professor, Persian Langauage and Literature, Narjes University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, IranFatemeh ZahraNazari RobatiInstructor, Translation Studies, Narjes University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, IranJournal Article20180210Adaptation is a new area in intertextual literary studies. The subject of this area is examining the ways of translating a text and changing it into other medias. The novel <em>Alice in Wonderland</em> written by Lewis Carroll has been the subject of many cinematic adaptations. The purpose of the present study is to examine the differences between Carroll’s novel and Burton’s adapted film <em>Alice in Wonderland</em>. For this purpose, drawing upon Cahir’s viewpoint about types of cinematic adaptations from literary text as a kind of translation and Corrigan’s definition of movie’s faithfulness to literary work, the plot, characters and four sections of the novel and the movie were compared and the changes were examined. It was shown that Burton’s cinematic adaptation of this novel can be taken as a traditional translation, in which characters, time, place, and the main plot of the story are kept but the added secondary plots to the story and continuous returns to the past present new dimensions and features of Alice’s character to the receiver.Adaptation is a new area in intertextual literary studies. The subject of this area is examining the ways of translating a text and changing it into other medias. The novel <em>Alice in Wonderland</em> written by Lewis Carroll has been the subject of many cinematic adaptations. The purpose of the present study is to examine the differences between Carroll’s novel and Burton’s adapted film <em>Alice in Wonderland</em>. For this purpose, drawing upon Cahir’s viewpoint about types of cinematic adaptations from literary text as a kind of translation and Corrigan’s definition of movie’s faithfulness to literary work, the plot, characters and four sections of the novel and the movie were compared and the changes were examined. It was shown that Burton’s cinematic adaptation of this novel can be taken as a traditional translation, in which characters, time, place, and the main plot of the story are kept but the added secondary plots to the story and continuous returns to the past present new dimensions and features of Alice’s character to the receiver.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Ian McEwan and Liberal Humanism: A Reading of SaturdayIan McEwan and Liberal Humanism: A Reading of Saturday1832087763310.22059/jor.2019.267307.1756FAHosseinPirnajmuddinAssociate Professor of English Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranMotahareh SadatPeyambarpourMA of English Literarure, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20181012This article tries to examine Ian McEwan’s <em>Saturday</em> in terms of its ideological orientation. The writers argue that <em>Saturday</em>’s essentially pro-war – pro-Establishment – stance can be explained in terms of liberal humanist views which the novel by and large espouses. The novel, the writers contend, in a sense reflects and is inflected by all the main features of liberal humanism: secularism transformed in the New Atheist militant stance against religion, scientism, rationalism, pluralism, emphasis on the centrality of man and his liberties and rights, emphasis on the human relations and glorification of art and literature as humanizing achievements. However, considering the post-9/11 context, the writers seek to shed light on the connection between this liberal humanist tendency and neo-orientalism (with Islamophobia as one of its main features). As such, despite the liberal humanist emphasis on avoidance of prejudice and considering all sides of an issue, the novel fails to ask the essential questions about the condition of the contemporary world – the real causes of terrorism – and in effect by justifying an imperialistic war, rather unabashedly, serves power.This article tries to examine Ian McEwan’s <em>Saturday</em> in terms of its ideological orientation. The writers argue that <em>Saturday</em>’s essentially pro-war – pro-Establishment – stance can be explained in terms of liberal humanist views which the novel by and large espouses. The novel, the writers contend, in a sense reflects and is inflected by all the main features of liberal humanism: secularism transformed in the New Atheist militant stance against religion, scientism, rationalism, pluralism, emphasis on the centrality of man and his liberties and rights, emphasis on the human relations and glorification of art and literature as humanizing achievements. However, considering the post-9/11 context, the writers seek to shed light on the connection between this liberal humanist tendency and neo-orientalism (with Islamophobia as one of its main features). As such, despite the liberal humanist emphasis on avoidance of prejudice and considering all sides of an issue, the novel fails to ask the essential questions about the condition of the contemporary world – the real causes of terrorism – and in effect by justifying an imperialistic war, rather unabashedly, serves power.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Fiction Literature Against Postcolonial Oblivion
A Review of The Bone Seekers Written by Taher DjaoutFiction Literature Against Postcolonial Oblivion
A Review of The Bone Seekers Written by Taher Djaout2092307763410.22059/jor.2019.288410.1890FAShararehChavoshianAssistant professor, Department of French Language, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4605-8278Journal Article20190903When French government was ruling Algeria, the Algerian literature was a means of fighting against the Colonialists. After the independence, the literature found another orientation: a large number of writers, searching a trace of the jumbled Algerian identity and trying to find an answer to the question of why violence still did not leave the country, got started to write; so many were killed, including Taher Djaout, journalist and writer whose second novel, <em>The Bone Seekers</em> (1984) focuses on the persistence of violence in the post-colonial age: despite the withdrawal of the colonialism and the victory of the people in the independence wars, violence is ongoing and expanding. The present article, by analyzing <em>Bone seekers</em>, tries to study the novel as a combined genre and reminiscent of the forgotten and unwritten parts of history. This novel draws a society dominated by corruption, opportunism and hegemony of the violence that betrayed the aims for which people fought.When French government was ruling Algeria, the Algerian literature was a means of fighting against the Colonialists. After the independence, the literature found another orientation: a large number of writers, searching a trace of the jumbled Algerian identity and trying to find an answer to the question of why violence still did not leave the country, got started to write; so many were killed, including Taher Djaout, journalist and writer whose second novel, <em>The Bone Seekers</em> (1984) focuses on the persistence of violence in the post-colonial age: despite the withdrawal of the colonialism and the victory of the people in the independence wars, violence is ongoing and expanding. The present article, by analyzing <em>Bone seekers</em>, tries to study the novel as a combined genre and reminiscent of the forgotten and unwritten parts of history. This novel draws a society dominated by corruption, opportunism and hegemony of the violence that betrayed the aims for which people fought.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Stalin's Literary Policies: Analyzing the Content of Proletcult Circulars and ApprovalsStalin's Literary Policies: Analyzing the Content of Proletcult Circulars and Approvals2312527763510.22059/jor.2020.292205.1965FAZahraMohammadiDepartment of Russian Language & literature, University of Tehran0000-0002-3105-3346SoosanAshtaraniDepartment of Russian Language & Literature. University of TehranJournal Article20200324One of Stalin's policies in the Cultural Revolution was to censor art and literature. After the October Revolution there were major changes in Russian art and culture. By censorship, the political rulers tried to replace the old culture with the proletarian culture and give a justified face to the revolution and its achievements. One of the most important organizations created to accomplish the goals of the revolution was Proletcult. One of the main theorists of this organization was Bagdanov. He oversaw the writers' activities and, after rigorous scrutiny and censorship, permitted the publication of literary works. Literature and art had become tools for the realization of the purposes of the revolution. In the Soviet era, art and work were in the same category of importance. In this article, the content of the Proletcult directives will be analysed, and the role and impact of the Proletcult on Russian literary of the 20th century will be examined.One of Stalin's policies in the Cultural Revolution was to censor art and literature. After the October Revolution there were major changes in Russian art and culture. By censorship, the political rulers tried to replace the old culture with the proletarian culture and give a justified face to the revolution and its achievements. One of the most important organizations created to accomplish the goals of the revolution was Proletcult. One of the main theorists of this organization was Bagdanov. He oversaw the writers' activities and, after rigorous scrutiny and censorship, permitted the publication of literary works. Literature and art had become tools for the realization of the purposes of the revolution. In the Soviet era, art and work were in the same category of importance. In this article, the content of the Proletcult directives will be analysed, and the role and impact of the Proletcult on Russian literary of the 20th century will be examined.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Speech Act, Performativity and Gender Trouble in PygmalionSpeech Act, Performativity and Gender Trouble in Pygmalion2532727763610.22059/jor.2019.285554.1871FAMohsenOjaghiPhD. Candidate of English Language and Literature, Kish International Campus,
University of TehranFaridehPourgivProfessor of English Literature, Department of Foreign Languages & Linguistics,
Shiraz University0000-0002-0548-314XJournal Article20190716Clarifications on 'Gender Trouble', 'Performativity', and 'Speech Act' as examined in George Bernard Shaw's <em>Pygmalion</em>, through which sex inequalities experienced the Victorian age are revealed, can help the feminine identity better conceived as the most recent debates dating back to the last decades of the twentieth century. This research pragmatically focuses on Judith Butler's Gender Trouble theory and Eliza in <em>Pygmalion</em>. To Butler, whose theory of 'gender trouble' and 'performativity' is based on Austin and Searle's Speech Act Theory, the ignored and undermined feminine identity can practically revive. Butler, in favour of post-structuralism and under the influence of French feminism, views gender identity and performativity of gender in multiple disciplines such as, phenomenology, psychology, pragmatics and most evidently linguistics. The paper attempts to show the progressive views of George Bernard Shaw in that a woman can be strong and find her own identity; experience change in a short time and manage to adapt to the situation quickly.Clarifications on 'Gender Trouble', 'Performativity', and 'Speech Act' as examined in George Bernard Shaw's <em>Pygmalion</em>, through which sex inequalities experienced the Victorian age are revealed, can help the feminine identity better conceived as the most recent debates dating back to the last decades of the twentieth century. This research pragmatically focuses on Judith Butler's Gender Trouble theory and Eliza in <em>Pygmalion</em>. To Butler, whose theory of 'gender trouble' and 'performativity' is based on Austin and Searle's Speech Act Theory, the ignored and undermined feminine identity can practically revive. Butler, in favour of post-structuralism and under the influence of French feminism, views gender identity and performativity of gender in multiple disciplines such as, phenomenology, psychology, pragmatics and most evidently linguistics. The paper attempts to show the progressive views of George Bernard Shaw in that a woman can be strong and find her own identity; experience change in a short time and manage to adapt to the situation quickly.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822A New Reading of the Prophets’ Philosophy of History: An Analysis of The Book of Daniel Based on Mircea Eliade’s TheoryA New Reading of the Prophets’ Philosophy of History: An Analysis of The Book of Daniel Based on Mircea Eliade’s Theory2732917763710.22059/jor.2020.289691.1899FAZohrehRaminAssistant professor of English language and literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1347-1592HosseinTorkamannejadPhD in English language and literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190926E. L. Doctorow is the author of novels which vacillate between history and fiction, thus posing fundamental questions about history. Since he has flourished in the history-oriented Jewish tradition, interpreting his historical vision has great significance in understanding his works, among which, The Book of Daniel specifically addresses history and historiography, so it is best suited for helping us in investigating his philosophy of history. In this essay, we attempt to analyze the historical vision of Daniel, the novel’s protagonist, by recourse to Mircea Eliade’s theory and the intellectual legacy of the Hebrew prophets. Based on Eliade's ideas, we demonstrate that Daniel's new reading of the prophets' school is born out of the dialectic relationship between the historically conscious thought of the prophets and the historical discontinuity of Disneyland, the subject of the novel’s last section. To escape meaninglessness, Daniel proposes a historical discourse which relies neither on the cycle of archetypes nor the sequence of the meaningless events of profane history, but on the discontinuity and incoherence of pastiche.E. L. Doctorow is the author of novels which vacillate between history and fiction, thus posing fundamental questions about history. Since he has flourished in the history-oriented Jewish tradition, interpreting his historical vision has great significance in understanding his works, among which, The Book of Daniel specifically addresses history and historiography, so it is best suited for helping us in investigating his philosophy of history. In this essay, we attempt to analyze the historical vision of Daniel, the novel’s protagonist, by recourse to Mircea Eliade’s theory and the intellectual legacy of the Hebrew prophets. Based on Eliade's ideas, we demonstrate that Daniel's new reading of the prophets' school is born out of the dialectic relationship between the historically conscious thought of the prophets and the historical discontinuity of Disneyland, the subject of the novel’s last section. To escape meaninglessness, Daniel proposes a historical discourse which relies neither on the cycle of archetypes nor the sequence of the meaningless events of profane history, but on the discontinuity and incoherence of pastiche.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Albert Camus’s Innovative Reading in IranAlbert Camus’s Innovative Reading in Iran2923167778910.22059/jor.2019.280744.1843FAMohammadrezaFarsianAssocaite professor, Department of French language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.FatemehGhaderiFrench translation student, Department of French language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20190507Albert Camus, a Nobel Prize winner in 1957, is one of the authors who has been considered by Iranian readers, writers and poets for many years. The great number of his translated works, recurring performances of his plays in Iranian theatres, numerous articles and theses written on his works, the notable attention he receives from the press and magazines, and so on, represent the good reception of Camus by the Iranian readership. By now, although many researches have been done on Albert Camus, none of these researches have been done on Camus's literary acceptance based on theory of reception, which is a subcategory of the French school theory of comparative literature. Thus, we have decided to study his acceptance in the literary society of Iran. We will define “innovative reading” as “reading that leads to influence” and by investigating Camus’ acceptance in Iran, answer the question whether this admission has been accompanied by an innovative reading of his works.Albert Camus, a Nobel Prize winner in 1957, is one of the authors who has been considered by Iranian readers, writers and poets for many years. The great number of his translated works, recurring performances of his plays in Iranian theatres, numerous articles and theses written on his works, the notable attention he receives from the press and magazines, and so on, represent the good reception of Camus by the Iranian readership. By now, although many researches have been done on Albert Camus, none of these researches have been done on Camus's literary acceptance based on theory of reception, which is a subcategory of the French school theory of comparative literature. Thus, we have decided to study his acceptance in the literary society of Iran. We will define “innovative reading” as “reading that leads to influence” and by investigating Camus’ acceptance in Iran, answer the question whether this admission has been accompanied by an innovative reading of his works.University of TehranResearch in Contemporary World Literature2588-413125120200822Post Colonialism thoughts in Mohammad Faitoury’s
and Langston Hughes’spoemPost Colonialism thoughts in Mohammad Faitoury’s
and Langston Hughes’spoem3173427779810.22059/jor.2017.218747.1464FAAmirMoqaddam MottaqiAssociate Professor of Arabic Language and literature , Ferdowsi University of Mashha / Mashhad / Iran0000-0002-9457-3728MoloodKhanchezardPhD student of Arabic language and literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University , tabriz, iranMasoudBavan PouriPhD Graduated of Arabic language and literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University , tabriz, iran0000-0003-4219-9575Journal Article20161026This Article deals with political, social, economical, cultural and literal movements as well asrevolutions of nineteen and twenty centuries. Racial and ethnical discrimination are of the most important elements. The Blacks were one of the main victims of these ethnical and racial discrimination. They were marginalized and due to the discrimination policies. This gradually led to the formation of destructionalism and post colonialism thoughts which can be used under poscriticism. Theories and thoughts that severly fight against discrimination and marginalization of the Black society. The colony power interpreted the colonialized land on the basis of its thoughts. Literature as effective means played its important part. In this article I have dealt with the life and thoughts of two black poets: Langston Hughes and Mohammad Faitoury. The two mentioned poets not only criticized the colonialism thoughts but also they have combated against colonialism to get rid of identity crisis all over the world. This Article is going to explain these two poet's colonialism thought against Hejemony of colonialism phenomena.It has been presented in a descriptive analytic method and library resources and internet has been used. This Article deals with political, social, economical, cultural and literal movements as well asrevolutions of nineteen and twenty centuries. Racial and ethnical discrimination are of the most important elements. The Blacks were one of the main victims of these ethnical and racial discrimination. They were marginalized and due to the discrimination policies. This gradually led to the formation of destructionalism and post colonialism thoughts which can be used under poscriticism. Theories and thoughts that severly fight against discrimination and marginalization of the Black society. The colony power interpreted the colonialized land on the basis of its thoughts. Literature as effective means played its important part. In this article I have dealt with the life and thoughts of two black poets: Langston Hughes and Mohammad Faitoury. The two mentioned poets not only criticized the colonialism thoughts but also they have combated against colonialism to get rid of identity crisis all over the world. This Article is going to explain these two poet's colonialism thought against Hejemony of colonialism phenomena.It has been presented in a descriptive analytic method and library resources and internet has been used.