ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Research on Waiting for Godot and Endgame
Twentieth century French Theatre has strongly been affected by World Wars I and II, obviously resulting in a change of existing dramatic principles. Samuel Beckett well known innovator in the field of the Avant-garde, probed the theatre with a naked form and far from conventional regulations and dramatic arrangements. Beckett's Theatre is known as the beginning of the new method in writing style, personification and final outcome in dramatic art. Beckett's Theatre belongs to the group of philosophical theatre that shows the calamity and misfortune of man who exists in a world devoid of meaning in which ancient values and meaningful relations have disappeared. Surely Beckett - who is one of the messengers of decadence in our age- in addition to exposing lack of humanity in human relations, by a specific shrewdness searches in human society for a meaningful foundation. Beckett tries to show the problems of contemporary man, an individual who tries to search for his place and to adapt himself to conditions. This research is an opportunity to familiarize us further with Beckett's world which is full of ambiguities and shocking matters.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19531_bc4c33b207ca9cd57d503e7b2d527d52.pdf
2009-03-21
Beckett
Dramatic Art
Endgame
Mankind
theatre
Waiting for Godot
Abolghasem
Partovi
j.partovi@voila.fr
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
Morvarid
Rahbari
morvarid_rahbari@voila.fr
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Love in In Search of Lost Time
"In Search of Lost Time", a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes, written by Marcel Proust between the years 1913 and 1927, is not only the story of a particular era but of a new style of discourse analysis pertaining to social issues. In this prominent work, Proust has deeply analyzed love and has explained its different aspects. Positive dimensions of illusionary, deep and absolute love are not the only aspects treated in "In Search"; we can also see the absurd and illogic facets of love which leads to obsession, jealousy and illness. Proust shows us explicitly that men are not completely responsible for tyrannical aspects of love which they face but that destiny too has an important role in its creation. Different facets of love revealed by Proust put into evidence the immensely egoistic and narcissistic aspect of the lover.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19532_6558aadcec08f6112e7379ddbd8bf692.pdf
2009-03-21
Complete Possession
Illusion
jealousy
Love
Obsession
Sarah
Habibi Kasseb
sarahhabibi@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
AUTHOR
Gholam Reza
Zatalian
reza_zatalyan@hotmail.com
2
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Considering the Presentation of Language Learning Software (Configuration, Content, and Technique)
The advent of computer has revolutionized a variety of fields including education thus paving the way for educational science to enter a new stage. This effect has exhibited itself well in language learning. The development of computer technology and the resulting language learning software, as a reliable tool in the educational system of developed countries, has attracted the attention of both learners and producers, simultaneously questioning the basis on which the software is to be produced. This article, attempts to consider the development of language learning software by representing two specialized criteria a) educational aspects (objectives, open/closed educational system, teaching/ learning method and learning curve), b) utilized computer techniques (linear/ramiform structure, flexibility and controllability of software) and being user friendly. Considering configuration, content, and techniques used in language learning software makes the assessment of available software possible and thus provides the efficient learning software to be produced according to the internal users’ requirements.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19533_2fbf04e59c35ef865e0f15ea5a02e3f2.pdf
2009-03-21
Analysis
Content
Language Teaching
Software Production
Technique
Rouhollah
Rahmatian
rahmatir@modares.ir
1
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Otroshi
mhotroshi@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Views of Russian Orientalists on the Educational Ideas of Iranian Scientific & Literary Figures
Educational methods have always been one of the most important subjects for human societies. Among Iranian scientific and literary figures there are some, who have been closely involved with the process and the goal of educational ideas. Thus, it is necessary that their ideas be taken into account by methodologists for educational and training systems. We will take a look at the opinions of Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Miskawaih, Saadi. This research aims to study ethics, education and training in the works of Iranian scientific and literary figures in relation to the efforts of Russian scientists. There are firstly some explanations on analysis of educational ideas related to ideas of Russian literary figures and orientalists in order to improve educational methods, content and form, then the opinions of the master of Speech, Saadi, has been studied. Focusing on the role of educational opinions of Iranian literary figures and applying a comprehensive research of ideas by Russian orientalists and literary figures, this research attempts to analyze the educational and cultural origin and principles effective on literature, and finally concludes that it has played a crucial role in recognizing the power of rich Iranian culture and literature on other societies.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19534_cc170c4202e14aec3dcb86e22dc9de77.pdf
2009-03-21
Analysis
Educational Ideas
Literary Figures
Opinions
Saadi
Afshin
Rostami
rostami428@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
AUTHOR
hosein
gholamy
hgholamy@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combination of Fantasy and Myth in the Short Stories of Jean Marie Gustav Le Clézio
The short story as a literary genre has always been of prime concern. Studies carried out in this field as far as its literary development is concerned, directly reflects the significance of this genre, and conspicuously distinguishes it from others. French literature normally abandons literary boundaries thereby blurring the identity of genres. This style is most peculiar of Jean Marie Gustave Le Clézio, a writer who does not consider himself as belonging to any nation or culture. He uses world literature as a valuable material and source for his writings. By using myth and fantasy in his short stories he gives it a new dimension. The present article aims to explore questions pertaining to the dimension and component of his work. A deep interpretation of this world literature in the narrative, Mondo and other Stories with a comparative outlook, is the most important aim of this article.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19535_6e742f6ba869cdc3ae42fd79914acb59.pdf
2009-03-21
Fantasy
Le Clézio
Mondo and Other Stories
myth
Short story
faride
alavi
falavi@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
nahid
shahverdiani
nshahver@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study about the Concept of "love" in Swan love by Marcel Proust
Among different concepts represented in literature, there is no doubt that the concept of "love" is one of the most attractive and at the same time a challenging subject expressed in various forms. In" Swan love" Marcel Proust analyses "love" and its effects on the human psyche. According to his opinion, love entangles human beings and can not create a spritual relation among them. In this idea then, the theme of love is only suffering in isolation, a lonely relation that is futile and based on " lie".By representing a new image of the concept of love, Proust believes that it is a trivial misunderstanding which begins with doubts, restlessness and instability and terminates with the feeling of tiredness and annoyance. This article studies the linguistic structure of Proust's masterpiece and analysis his view about "love".
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19536_0913f33823040f9af4721e3ffb8693e8.pdf
2009-03-21
Love
lover
Odet
Proust
relation
SWAN
Sweet Heart
mahboobeh
Fahimkalam
mahramin2004@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه اراک
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of Theoretical Approaches on Translation Criticism: Research and Pedagogical Implications
This paper intends to analyze the attitudes of translation criticism researchers in order to present a theoretical map for translation criticism studies, extract the investigators' learning resources, infer translation criticism criteria, and determine the kind, quality, and degree of interrelationship between translation criticism variables. The linguists, translatologists, and translators' views have been investigated from descriptive, comparative, and critical points of view. The results of the study reveal that 62.7% of the total 43 researchers, in this survey, believe that the process of translation itself is the major teaching-learning resource and there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the theoretical approaches to translation criticism and the principles of language testing. Moreover, 39.5% of researchers have approached text analysis from different perspectives expressing the positive interaction between the textual and social variables. Also, 69.7% of the investigators maintain that there is a positive interaction between the criteria for translation criticism and linguistic, literary, cultural outlooks. All of the researchers in the survey hold that translation criticism is basically a research oriented phenomenon. Therefore, this positive, interactive, and cause and effect relationship should not be taken for granted in the process of material development, translation education and evaluation. Since, in relevant areas such as linguistics, semiotics, socio-cultural studies, and language education a large number of scientific investigations have been carried out, their foundations can be analyzed, classified, and finally applied creatively and innovatively in order to establish a well-organized, scientific, and educational system for translation.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19537_7a8c51de8dadf951886e9852c180dc28.pdf
2009-03-21
Educational and Scientific Implications
Theoretical Approaches
Translation Criticism
Ali Mohammad
Mohammadi
a-mohammadi@arak.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه اراک
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of a Spiritual Guide in the View of Shams al-din Hafez-e Shirazi and Nikolay Gomilov
انتخاب پیر، برای پیمودن طریق معرفت و دستیابی به اسرار الهی، از مسایل اساسی در عرفان و صوفیه بهحساب میآید. از نظر اهل صوفیه سیر و سلوک در مسیر پر فراز و نشیب بدون بهرهگیری از وجود پیری که خود به مرحلة کمال در طریقت رسیده، امکانپذیر نیست. در مقاله سعی شده است به بررسی موضوع پیر از دید عارفان، حافظ شیرازی و گومیلیوف شاعر روس که متأثر از تصوف شرقی است و همچنین به دلایل تأثیرپذیری گومیلیوف از حافظ شیرازی در پذیرش پیر پرداخته شود. شمسالدین محمد حافظ شیرازی وجود پیر را برای حل معضلات اسرار آفرینش و تهذیب نفس و همچنین رسیدن به معرفت حق تعالی ضروری میداند، گرچه پیر خاصی را در اشعار خود معرفی نمیکند. گومیلیوف برای خلق نمایشنامة منظوم «فرزند خدا» از موتیوهای شرقی کمک گرفته است و تحتتأثیر تعالیم تصوف اسلامی و نیز اندیشههای حافظ، به موضوع پیر و اهمیت آن برای رسیدن به کمال پرداخته است. با بررسی نمایشنامة «فرزند خدا»، به این مطلب پی میبریم که گومیلیوف دربارة پیر نقطهنظرات مشابهی با اهل تصوف و حافظ دارد. پیر گومیلیوف صاحب «حکمت» و عالم به «اسرار هفت آسمان و عناصر اربعه» از جانب خداوند، برای هدایت سالکان است.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19538_d8f2d900ceb35dc188aa3f4e59fddcb2.pdf
2009-03-21
Dervish
follower
Peer
Sufism
Travel and Behavior
marzieh
yahyapour
myahya@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
M. Rafi
f.m.rafi@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR