ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
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Allthough historical drama in Germany had an identity before the epoch of "Storm and Revolt", yet, it did not hold a special position in German Literature. During this epoch, German historical drama reached its peak by using the plays of Shakespeare as a model and inspiration. Parallel to Goethe, were other dramatists like Kleist and She iller who also contributed immensely to the growth of the historical drama. During the Classical and Romantic period, the historical drama of Germany continued to be written. However, Shakespeare's influence in the next few epoches gradually started to decline and only prevailed until the beginning of the era of technology and modernism. Nonetheless the writers of different ages of Germany were inspired by Shakespeare to create historical dramas.
Key Words: , , ,,
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12201_a31645e5bd9ea310d4f7b7db1000155a.pdf
2005-01-20
classic
historical drama
modernism
Romantic
storm and revolt
محمدحسین
حدادى
62325882
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
Realistic literature, the basis for contmporary literature, aims at representation of truthfulness and reality. Before world war II, the dispute
between fascism and anti- fascism became the decisive factor for social and political life. After the defeat of fascism the new dispute between socialism and imperialist capitalism once again become dominant in world politics and thus the makers of the cold- war aimed to divide humanity into two rival camps. After the defeat of socialism, Imperialism became the dominant thought. For a critical evaluation of Realism and Modernism one must take into consideration its form and dialectics. The political upheavels were like a shadow over the literature of the age, which writers displayed in their writings, as in the formulation of literary characters who suffer from mental disorders, or ultimately some writers may have chosen nihilism as a literary style.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12202_586653727f556c60bf8a5b9e932ee040.pdf
2005-01-20
Atheism
avangardism
Existentialism
internal monologue
Realistic Literature
پرویز معتمدى
آذرى
83968291
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
A brief and historical sketch is given of the history of the poet laureate of Great Britain. Mr. Motion's life, education and activities are also discussed in brief. The English version of his poem, "The Letter" is given with, comments, analytical views and translation in Persian. It was the same poem that won £5000 from the poetry competition held by Arvon Foundation and the Observer in 1981. "The Letter" was selected as the best out of 35000 poems. Mr. Motion's views about himself, his poems and the other poets are given as a conclusion to the article.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12203_2c2afd650d8c3417cbc344f469bbd7e4.pdf
2005-01-20
analytical views
comments
Poet Laureate
poetry competition
prize
The Letter
Translation
جاوید
قیطانچى
93171488
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
The Romantic Age is a literary age that absorbs all readers of literature. Amongst the Romantic Poets, a poet who has always carried away the readers sympathy due to his tragic life and early death is none other than John Keats, a member of the younger generation of Romantic Poets. He never allowed his fatal illness to be a barrier to his poetic life, on the contrary, his illness, and his anticipation of his own early death provided a strong base for his writings. By the young age of 23 he had already written his great odes and a bulk of other poems affiliated to the subject of either mythology or middle-ages. Like all writers he wrote on various themes, out of which the most outstanding was Death. This paper explores reasons why he was attracted to this theme, and that this theme is related to three of his works: Ode to a Nightingale, Ode to Melancholy, La Belle Dame Sans Merci
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12204_e75feeb0dfbd31c9ec3abbc3df5bce6c.pdf
2005-01-20
agony
death
illness
nightingale
odes
paradoxical feeling
Romanticism
مریم
بیاد
37245117
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
اشتفان تسوایگ، نویسندهء معروف اتریشی (942 ا- 1884) از جمله نویسندگانی است
که تحت تأثیر فروید بود ه ا ند، وی نظریه های روانکاوی او را در د استان های خود وارد
کرده و از آن ها به گونه ای استادانه بهره جسته است.د ر مقالة زیر سه نمونه از
داستان های وی مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرند که در همة آن ها نظریه های روانکاوی اعمال شده است. شخصیت اصلی داستان نخست، یک زن است. تعارضات
روانی این زن میانسال به گونه ای نشان داده می شود که تنهایی اش سبب حوا دثی شگفت
می گردد، و سرانجام این که او می تواند با بیان آنچه روحش را همواره آزار می داد،
آرامش خود را به دست آورد. قهرمان د استان إوم یک مرد است. حالأت روانی این
اشراف زاده گویای آن است که وی با از دست دا دن نزدیکان خود و خیانت دوستش، از
زندگی دلزده شده، زندگی برایش لذت بخش نیست و کاملأ منزوی شده است و این که
چگونه آن شب رؤیایی روی این مرد تأثیر مثبت می گذارد، او را به زندگی بازمی گرداند
و از حالت بی تفاوتی نسبت به دیگران, خارج می کند. شخصیت اصلی داستان سوم
کودک 12 ساله ای است که در ابتدای مرحلهء بلوغ است، حالات روانی این کود ک نشانگر
آن است که او می خواهد کنجکاوانه رازی را که بین دو جنس مخالف است، کشف کند.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12205_8187dc87cbd4423cbf9dbbc1a03fb8f7.pdf
2005-01-20
behavioral traits
masks
memorice
psychological conflicts
Self-expression
مهرى قدیمى
نوران
93944283
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
The attempt of this essay is to interpret Igbal's view about women. Having studied Allameh Igbal's Persian and Urdu collections, which includes speeches and declarations, readers realize that women in the works of Igbal are discussed under various sub- headings such as: self- awareness,
education, hejab, freedom, and the west. Since Igbal was faithful follower of Islam and the Holy Qoran, through his religious believes he attributes due respect to women. He believes that every woman as a mother has great responsibilities, as her guidance can be decisive for a particular society. Thus he considers Hazrat- e- Fatimeh Zahra as an appropriate example of the ideal woman, and that all women who wish to attain salvation should follow the path of hazrate-e-fatimeh zahra
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12206_936073fd2ba6ffc04998f238072487f9.pdf
2005-01-20
Freedom
Islam
lgbal
mother
Self-awareness
woman
وفا یزدان
منش
79546663
1
AUTHOR
على
بیات
99568257
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
The method of Grammer-Translation, which originally consists of two separate parameters: Teaching Grammer and Translation, has so far been studied as a physical platform. Knowing the history of this kind of teaching method means precisely understanding its specifications and different capabilities in accelerating the content transmission. Perceiving how to create, develop and make profound the written abilities of language in real environment of learning helps to use the method of Grammer-Translation in e-platform in suitable and effective ways. In learning especially in language learning, using the physical environment of teaching or using the specific method is not very important, but the main issue is to what degree can we arrive to the supposed goals of language learning courses. In the present article application of the method of Grammer Translation has been comparitively carried out for physical and e-platform.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12207_33cf0651e0cbe299d488e4641651e613.pdf
2005-01-20
grammatical methodology
internt
Language Teaching
reading
Translation
translation practice
writingt
نادر
حقانى
43194559
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
With the increasing importance given to compiling of dictionaries, we have carried out active research on the existing condition and quality of
Russian - Persian dictionaries, and how to improve its quality. Our research investigation shows lack of quality and deficiencies in the Russian - Persian dictionary and this can be a rather acute and critical problem since explanatory dictionaries (bilingual dictionaries) grammatical dictionaries and contextual dictionaries are the basic linguistic resources in any language. Thus a poor quality dictionary can directly effect translation teaching methodologies, mechanical translation, and composition. Therefore taking into consideration the increasing usage of dictionaries and having investigated the existing state of dictionaries, an attempt has been made to
find suitable methods, and to motivate notable research in compiling dictionaries, and thereby establish a reputed research study in this area. dictionaries, composition,
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12208_15492caa6598c173c3a27645f521c173.pdf
2005-01-20
bilingual dictionaries
Composition
contextual dictionaries
grammatical dictionaries
word processing
علیرضا ولى
پور
34494436
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
It is well-known that both Russian and Farsi languages typologically belong to the same family. They have many common features in morphological and syntactic structure point of view. The Complement, as a part of a sentence, is a syntactic subject, which is studied in both languages. Taking a general definition of the complement, as a word which adds some meanings to the another word, one can determine attribute, adverbial modifier, and appositive as the complement in the structure of Russian sentences. In the present paper the essence of the complement and their types in the Russian grammar, compared to Persian language, is investigated
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12209_eb98cea27afa312c3e76d0f130c7c5d7.pdf
2005-01-20
adverbial Complement
Complement
Declension
nominal Complement
سید حسن
زهرایى
14192684
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-
In the historical domain of linguistics, many studies have been carried out in order to determine the first initiative of man to teach and learn a foreign language. In this kind of research, linguists and language teaching researchers used sources that are centered on the history of different nations. In this research, the first initiative of man to teach a foreign language is variously reported. In the book Twenty- Five Centuries of Language Teaching: 500 BC by Louis G Kelly, the retrospective of foreign language teaching dates back to five centuries before the start of the Christian era; in other documents, to the beginning of the Roman Empire and Antiquity. In Evolution of the Language Teaching: 5000 Years of History, Claude Germain, on the basis of the book History Starts in Sumer (Samuel Kramer, 1956), studies Sumerian civilization and concludes that the teaching and learning of foreign language started fifty centuries ago. Therefore, this study tends to investigate the history of the foreign language teaching at the time of the Sumerians, the teaching of Hieratique language at the time of the
Egyptians, the teaching of the traditional Greek in ancient Greece, the teaching of the Greek to the Romans and the teaching of Latin.
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_12210_855913ace9ad6e8278846f2d2b2a916c.pdf
2005-01-20
Akkadian language
Greek language
historical linguistics
history of foreign language teaching
Latin language
Sumerian language
محمودرضا
گشمردى
77449155
1
LEAD_AUTHOR