Preffixes and Negative-Makers of Certain Russian Words
مریم
شفقی
author
text
article
2008
per
Negative-maker affixes are those linguistic elements that are widely used in word making. The function and the type of each of these affixes are unique and different from others. The Russian affix ??-, for example, in its combination with pronouns and adverbs, makes non-referential sentences that use the infinitive form of the verb, while the affix ??- in its combination with pronouns and adverbs makes subjective sentences. The semantic differences resulting from the combination of these negative-making affixes to the same root and their blending with certain words are amongst other features of these negative-making affixes.
Research in Contemporary World Literature
University of Tehran
2588-4131
13
v.
42
no.
2008
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19145_4e3508458837b2e89980de7c11cf90eb.pdf
Tropes in German and Persian Languages and Literatures
حبیب کمالی
روستا
author
text
article
2008
per
Trope, the use of words in a non-literal sense, is among the topics found in the language and literature of all nations. However, all methods of using words considered as tropes in a language, are not necessarily regarded as such in another language and literature; and occasionally there are similarities and differences among known tropes. In German language and literature 10 types of tropes are distinguished: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, metalepsis, periphrasis, antonomasia, irony, hyperbole, litotes, emphasis, whereas in Persian language and literature only 2 to 4 tropes are discussed: simile, metaphor, metonymy, periphrasis. This paper surveys tropes in Persian and German languages and literatures, which is actually a study of tropes in language and literatures of East and West.
Research in Contemporary World Literature
University of Tehran
2588-4131
13
v.
42
no.
2008
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19146_4280ab8a5dbcfb4a11ec53bd307d8557.pdf
Street Theater, Approaches, Strategies and Disturbances
محمدرضا
محسنی
author
text
article
2008
per
Street theater is a form of stage performance which has unfortunately escaped the attention of society as well as artists.These performances are usually enacted in open space in a very friendly interaction with spectators.The performances express social problems which can result as effective means to tackle social matters. Street theater servers two purposes: first, is its carnival application which is performed as a group and for the purpose of enjoyment. The second is its rebellious and complaining character, which reflects social defects and contradictions. In this paper, in addition to the presentation of the characteristics of this kind of theater, we will also take into account the approaches, strategies, and finally find ways in which to enhance this creative art.
Research in Contemporary World Literature
University of Tehran
2588-4131
13
v.
42
no.
2008
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19147_7ae01b062d343d7627ebc558b2262a7f.pdf
Evaluation of Construct Validity and Reliability of Language Learning Styles Instruments
رضا
نجاتی
author
داود برزآبادی
فراهانی
author
text
article
2008
per
Educators have been preoccupied with individual differences in learning for quite a long time. One way of addressing these differences has been a focus on learning styles. Understanding students’ learning styles is important for the quality of instructional design. A major problem in measuring the learning styles of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) is the development of a valid and reliable instrument. This paper reports the results of administering two learning styles questionnaires, namely Reid’s (1987) Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire ( PLSPQ) and Wintergerst and De Capua’s (2002) Learning Styles Indicator (LSI) originally developed for the ESL learners. Over 1000 Iranian BS and BA students took the questionnaires. The results reveal that the PLSPQ is weak in terms of construct validity and reliability while the LSI enjoys acceptable construct validity and reliability. Since the LSI has fewer items than the PLSPQ, it tends to be more practical. All in all, it can be claimed that the LSI will better assess the learning styles of the Iranian students of English. Most readers readily agree that there are few questionnaires that entail all aspects of a given construct. In the LSI, for example, the mode of reasoning (inductive vs. deductive) is missing. Hence, some items geared towards this aspect of learning are proposed to be added to the LSI to render it more valid in terms of content (content validity).
Research in Contemporary World Literature
University of Tehran
2588-4131
13
v.
42
no.
2008
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19148_8d5b5dc24ad08d5a9bf98ec074315212.pdf
A Comparison and Investigation of Mechanical Translation System in Russia and the West
علیرضا
ولیپور
author
text
article
2008
per
The advanced global mechanical translation system has the skill of translating a thousand pages in less than two minutes, a task which may take over a year by a professional translator. Although critics find fault with the new system of translation especially in its low-quality output, yet mechanical translation seems to be progressing at an enormous speed. One must, however, remember that the traditional method of translation has also tasted success in its own day, despite several shortcomings. Many ancient texts have been poorly translated since there was no criticism or control over the translation. An individual like Abu Ali Sina read Aristotle's work 40 times and yet did not understand what he read due to its poor translation. In this article, selected mechanical translations in Russia and the West have been compared in order to find out reasons for their superiority and if at all weaknesses. In certain cases these translations have been compared to the old translation system, and after investigating the deficiencies of mechanical translation, suggestions have been made for the promotion of quality in translation.
Research in Contemporary World Literature
University of Tehran
2588-4131
13
v.
42
no.
2008
https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19149_c90ffef203754c4d28072c56a61ca554.pdf